SORREL-TREE 



816 



SPANISH GARLIC 



set at once where they are to remain, at the final dis- 

 tances above mentioned. In summer, the stalks must be 

 cut down, to encourage the production of leaves. In 

 autumn and spring the surface of the ground should be 

 gently stirred, and a little manure turned in. 



To obtain Seed. Some plants must not be gathered 

 from, but be allowed to run up unchecked. They flower 

 in the course of June, July, and August, perfecting their 

 seed in autumn. Wood Sorrel does not produce seed. 



SORREL-TREE. Oxyde'ndron arbo'reum. 

 SORROWFUL-TREE. Nycia'nthes a'rbor-tri'stis. 



SO'RUS. The name applied to the individual heaps, 

 clusters, or lines of spore-cases (sporangia), containing 

 the spores, and arranged on the backs or edges of the 

 fronds of ferns. The sori are naked in Polypodium, 

 but covered with a stalked circular scale in Aspidium ; 

 a kidney-shaped one in Nephrodium ; a linear one in 

 Asplenium ; twp-valyed in Hymenophyllum ; tubular 

 or cup-shaped in Trichomanes ; and bladder-shaped in 

 Cystopteris. In Adiantum and Pteris the sori are 

 covered by the revolute margin of the frond. 



SOUARI NUT-TREE. Caryo'car nuci'ferum. 



SOULA'NGIA. (Named after Soulange Bodin, a 

 French nurseryman. Nat. ord. Rhamnads [Rhamnaceae]. 

 Linn. $-Pentandria, i-Monogynia. Referred to Phylica.) 

 Greenhouse evergreen shrubs, from the Cape of Good 

 Hope. Cuttings of the points of shoots in sand, under 

 a bell-glass, in April or May ; sandy, fibrous peat, and 

 a few bits of charcoal, to keep it open. Winter temp., 

 38 to 45. Should be tried against a wall, as, in the 

 open air, in dry places and mild situations, Phy'lica 

 ericoi'des stands the winter uninjured. The Soulangias 

 were once united with the Phylicas. 

 S. buxifo'lia (box-leaved). See PHYLICA BUXIFOLIA. 



corda'ta (heart-leaved). See PHYLICA BUXIFOLIA. 



dioi'ca (dioecious). See PHYLICA DIOICA. 



myrtifo'lia (myrtle- leaved). See PHYLICA PANICU- 

 LATA. 



,, ru'bra (red). See PHYLICA RUBRA. 



thymifo'lia( thyme-leaved). See PHYLICA THYMIFOLIA. 



SOUR is a term applied to wet lands producing acid 

 weeds, such as Sorrel ; but it is also appropriate because 

 such lands contain gallic and other acid compounds, 

 unfriendly to cultivated plants. 



SOUR GOURD. Adanso'nia digita'ta. 

 SOUR-SOP. Ano'na murica'ta. 



SOUTH AFRICAN YELLOW WOOD. Podoca'rpus 

 elonga'ta. 



SOUTHERNWOOD. Artemi'sia Abro'tanum. 

 SOUTH SEA TEA. Cassi'ne vomito'ria. 

 SOWBREAD. Cyclamen. 



SOWERBZE'A. (Named after Mr. Sowerby, an eminent 

 botanical artist. Nat. ord. Lilyworts [Liliaceas]. Linn. 

 6-Hexandria, i-Monogynia. Allied to Laxmannia and 

 Aphyllanthes. 



Half-hardy, pink-flowered, herbaceous perennials, from 

 New South Wales. Divisions of the plant in spring ; 

 loam and sandy peat, or old leaf-mould. Require the 

 protection of a cold pit in winter, and to be kept dryish. 

 S. ju'ncea (rush-leaved), r. May. 1792. 

 laxiflo'ra (loose-flowered), i. June. 1839. 



SOWING. (See GERMINATION.) In addition, a few 

 practical directions may be given. Let all sowing be done 

 in drills. For small seeds, such as lettuce, cabbage, &c. 

 the drills may be sunk by pressing the handle of the hoe 

 into freshly-dug soil ; but for larger seeds, as parsnips 

 beet, and onions, the drills must be made with the hoe' 

 Almost all sowing should be performed in dry weather 

 more particularly all early sowing in winter and spring ' 

 but in hot weather, in summer and autumn, it may 

 often be eligible to take advantage of sowing immediately 

 after a shower of moderate rain. 



The drills being at some distance from one another 

 not only admit the sun, air, and rain more effectually 

 to the plants, and give them a greater scope than such 

 as are sown broadcast, but admit more readily the hoe 

 between the drills to cut down weeds and loosen the soil. 



The general method of forming drills for the reception 

 of seeds is with a common drawing-hoe, sometimes with 

 a large hoe, and sometimes a middling or small hoe, 

 according to the size of the drill required, and the size 

 and nature of the seeds ; drawing the drill sometimes 

 with the corner of the hoe, especially for larger seeds, 

 and sometimes with the edge of the hoe flatwise, or 

 horizontally. Large seeds, such as peas, kidney beans, 

 many of the nut kinds, and other large seeds, both of 

 trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, require a deep 

 angular drill, drawn with the corner of the hoe, turning 

 the face or edge close to the line, and drawing the drill 

 along with an angular bottom evenly the depth required, 

 the earth remaining close along the side of the drill, 

 ready for turning in again over the seeds ; but where 

 flat or shallow drills are required for smaller seeds, it 

 may, in many cases, be more eligible to draw the drill 

 with the hoe flatwise, holding the edge in a horizontal 

 position. 



Bedding-in Sowing. In this method, the ground being 

 dug and formed in 4 or 5 feet wide beds, with alleys a 

 spade width or more between bed and bed, and the 

 earth being drawn off the top of the bed with a rake or 

 spade inch or i inch deep into the alleys, the seed is 

 then sown all over the surface of the bed, which being 

 done, the earth in the alleys is immediately drawn or 

 cast over the bed, again covering the seeds the same 

 depth, and the surface is raked smooth. 



The method of bedding-in sowing by sifting is some- 

 times practised for very small or light seeds of a more 

 delicate nature, that require a very light covering of 

 earth when sown. In order to bury them as shallow as 

 possible, cover them in by sifting fine earth over them 

 out of a wire sieve. 



SOY. See GLYCINE SOJA. 



SOYMTDA. (Evidently a native name. Nat. ord. 

 Meliaceae.) 



Stove evergreen tree. Cuttings of half-ripe wood in 

 sand, in a close frame, with bottom-heat. Fibrous loam 

 and sand. 



5. febri'fuga. (fever-conquering). 60. White, yellow. 

 E. Ind. 1796. 



SPADE. This most important of the gardener's tools 

 varies in its form and size. The Common Digging Spade 

 is of the largest size, being generally from 14 to 1 6 inches 

 long in the plate, and 9 or 10 broad, narrowing half an 

 inch to the bottom. The Middling Spade is about a foot 

 long in the plate, and 7 or 8 inches broad, and is useful 

 in digging any narrow compartments and between rows 

 of small plants ; also in flower-beds and borders, and in 

 stirring and fresh earthing the surface of beds occasionally 

 between close-placed plants of long standing ; planting 

 and transplanting many sorts, both in the ground and 

 in the pots. 



The Small Spade. Size 10 or 12 inches long in the 

 plate, and 5 or 6 wide. It is convenient in pointing-tip 

 or slight digging, and fresh earthing the surface between 

 close rows of small plants, in beds and borders, &c., where 

 neither of the two former spades can be readily intro- 

 duced ; likewise in planting and potting many sorts of 

 small plants, taking up small roots, and for other light 

 purposes. Proper garden spades have the plate wholly 

 of iron, not above J inch thick upwards, growing gradually 

 thinner from the middle downward, the tree or handle 

 being generally of ash, about 2^ feet long and i inch 

 thick, with a firm, open handle at top, formed out of the 

 solid wood, just big enough to admit of taking ready 

 hold, one hand at top and the other below, and with an 

 iron rivet through it to prevent it splitting. Semi- 

 circular or Scooped Spade has the plate made semi- 

 circular, like a garden trowel, and is very useful in taking 

 up plants with balls of earth, to preserve them more 

 firmly about the roots. 



SPADO'STYLES. (Derivation not explained. Nat. 

 ord. Leguminous Plants [Leguminosaj]. Linn. 10- 

 Decandria, i-Monogynia. Referred to Pultena>a.) 

 S. Sie'beri (Sieber's). See PULTEN.EA EUCHILA. 



SPANISH BLUEBELL. Sci'lla hispa'nica. 



SPANISH BROOM. Spa'rtium ju'nceum. 



SPANISH CHESTNUT. Casta'nea sati'va. 



SPANISH GARLIC. See ROCAMBOLE. 



