SPH^ROTHECA PANNOSA 820 



SPINACH 



S. hi'rtum (hairy). See CENOTHERA HIRTA. 

 minutifto'rum (small-flowered). See CENOTHERA 



MINUTIFLORA. 



SPH^EROTHE'CA PANNO'SA. This is the Mildew of 

 Roses and various other woody Rosaceous plants. In 

 the early part of the season it appears as a white or grey 

 web upon the leaves only, as it cannot attack old wood. 

 Later in the season it attacks the leaves, young shoots, 

 and fruit, which it envelops with a dense white web. 

 This is the second stage of the fungus and the more 

 dangerous one, because the resting or winter spores are 

 produced upon it, and are capable of setting up infection 

 the following summer. Soft leaves like those of Rose 

 Crimson Rambler, R. Queen Alexandra, and other 

 varieties of Rosa multiflora are much more liable to 

 attack than those having harder and more leathery 

 leaves. The first stage of the fungus is easily destroyed 

 by dusting the leaves with flowers of sulphur, but the 

 second can only be destroyed by sulphide of potassium, 

 one ounce to three to five gallons of water, the weaker 

 solutions to be used when the leaves are young and 

 tender. The fungicide can be made to adhere to the 

 foliage longer by mixing with it a tablespoonf ul of liquid 

 glue or the white of two eggs. 



SPHA'GNUM. This is a white-leaved Moss, commonly 

 found on peat-bogs. Its botanical name is Spha'gnuvi 

 cymbi folium and other species, Grey Bog Moss. It is 

 an excellent material for packing plants in, being ex- 

 tremely retentive of moisture, and yet contains so much 

 astringency as to check decay. It is also extensively 

 employed for pot ting Orchids, on account of its capability 

 for retaining moisture, and its open, spongy character, 

 admitting air freely to the roots of aerial and epiphytical 

 plants. 



SPHEDAMNOCA'RPUS. (From sphendamnos, a maple, 

 and karpos, a fruit ; the fruits are winged like a maple. 

 Nat. ord. Malpighiaceae.) 



A tall climbing greenhouse shrub. Cuttings of half- 

 ripe wood in sand under a bell-glass, in gentle heat. 

 Fibrous loam, a little peat, and sand. 

 S. pru'riens (stinging). 6-15. Golden-yellow. S. Africa. 

 1903. 



SPHENA'NDRA. (From spken, a wedge, and aner, 

 andros, a male or anther ; the shape of the anthers. 

 Nat. ord. Scrophulariaceae.) 



An annual or perennial greenhouse plant. Seeds. 

 Loam, leaf-mould, and sand. 

 S. visco'sa (clammy), i. Violet. S. Africa. 1773. 



SPHENODE'SME. (From sphen, a wedge, and desme, 

 a truss ; the flowers being produced in trusses. Nat. ord. 

 Verbenacese.) 



A climbing stove shrub. Cuttings in sand in a close 

 frame, with bottom- heat. Fibrous loam, peat, and sand. 

 S. jackia'na (Jackian). See S. PENTANDRA. 

 penta'ndra (five-anthered). 4-6. Purple and white. 

 India ; Malaya. 1823. 



SPHENO'GYNE. (From sphen, a wedge, and gune, 

 female or^an ; the shape of pistil. Nat. ord. Composites 

 [Composite]. Linn. ig-Syngenesia, 3-Frustranea. Now 

 referred to Ursinia.) 

 S. abrotanifo'lia (southernwood-leaved). See URSINIA 



ABROTANIFOLIA. 



anthemoi'des (chamomile-like). See URSINIA ANTHE- 



MOIDES. 

 crithmifo'lia (samphire-leaved) . See URSINIA CRITHMI- 



FOLIA. 



denta'ta (tooth-leaved). See URSINIA DENTATA. 

 fcenicula'cea (fennel-leaved). See URSINIA FO^NICU- 



LACEA. 



leucanthemoi'des (Leucanthemum-like). See URSINIA 



LEUCANTHEMIFOLIA. 



odora'ta (sweet-scented). See URSINIA ODORATA. 

 pili'fera (hairy). See URSINIA PILIFERA. 

 scario'sa (membranous). See URSINIA SCARIOSA. 

 serra'ta (saw-edged). See URSINIA SERRATA. 

 specio'sa (showy). See URSINIA SPECIOSA. 



SPHENO'TOMA. (From sphenoo, to cleave, and tome, 

 a section ; limb or border of the flower deeply cut. Nat. 

 ord. Epacrids [Epacridaceae]. Linn. ^-Pentandria, i- 

 Monogynia. See DRACOPHYLLUM.) 



S. capita' turn (he&d-spiked). See DRACOPHYLLUM CAPI- 



TATUM. 

 gra'cile (slender). See DRACOPHYLLUM GRACILE. 



SPHINCTACA'NTHUS. (From sphigxis, constriction, 

 and Acanthus; the throat of the corolla is constricted. 

 Nat. ord. Acanthaceae.) 



A smooth, erect greenhouse subshrub. Cuttings in 

 sand under a bell-glass. Loam, leaf-mould, and sand. 

 S. Griffi'thii (Griffith's). White, purple. Autumn. 

 Himalaya. 1774. 



SPICE BUSH. Linde'ra Benzo'in. 



SPIDER FLOWER. Cleo'me. 



SPIDER ORCHIS. O'phrys arani'fera. 



SPIDERWORT. Tradesca'ntia. 



SPIELMA'NNIA. (Named after P. R. Spielmann, a 

 German botanist. Nat. ord. Myoporads [Myoporaceae]. 

 Linn. i^'Didynamia, 2-Angiospermia.) Now referred to 

 Oftia.) 

 5. africa'na (African). See OFTIA AFRICANA. 



SPIGE'LIA. Worm Grass. (Named after A . Spigelius, 

 a botanist at Padua. Nat. ord. Loganiads [Loganiaceae]. 

 Linn. $-Pentandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Annual, by seed under the usual treatment ; hardy 

 herbaceous, by seed and division of the roots ; loam and 

 peat. 



S. Anthe'lmia (Anthelmia). ij. Red. July. Trop. 

 Amer. 1759. Stove annual. 



,, marila'ndica (Maryland), r. Scarlet. July. N. 



Amer. 1694. Hardy herbaceous. 

 ,, sple'ndens (splendid). Scarlet. Mexico ; Guatemala. 

 Stove perennial. 



SPIKENARD or NARD. N ardo' stachys Jatama'nsi. 

 SPIKENARD, PLOUGHMAN'S. Ba'ccharis. 



SPILA'NTHES. Alphabet Plant. (From spilos, a spot 

 or stain, and anthos, a flower ; the disc is like a brown 

 spot in some species. Nat. ord. Compositae.) 



Mostly annual herbs, which may be reared in heat and 

 planted out in May. Seeds. Light, sandy loam. 

 S. Acme'lla (Acmella). i. Yellow. July to September. 



Tropical and subtropical regions. 

 ,, croca'ta (saffron). See VERBESINA CROCATA. 

 exaspera'ta (roughened). 2. Pale yellow. Venezuela. 

 olera'cea (pot-herb). See S. ACMELLA. 



SPINACH. Spina'cia olera'cea. 



There are the Round-leaved, or Smooth-seeded, and the 

 Triangular-leaved, or Prickly-seeded. The first being the 

 most succulent, is employed for the spring and summer 

 crops, and the latter for autumn and winter. The 

 Lettuce-leaved and the Flanders are hardy for a winter 

 crop, and by much the best. 



Soil. For the round-leaved variety, a rich, light, 

 moist loam, in an open situation, is preferable ; but for 

 the triangular-leaved, and other winter varieties, a light, 

 moderately fertile, and dry border. The earth should 

 always be well pulverised at the time of digging, and the 

 soil for the summer crops cannot be too rich. Liquid- 

 manure is highly beneficial to them, and when made of 

 blood and the most fertilising matters, the greater the 

 benefit. 



Sow of the round-leaved variety at the close of January 

 in a warm situation, to be repeated in larger, but still 

 small breadths, at the commencement and end of 

 February, and to be continued every three weeks until 

 the middle of April, when it must be performed once a 

 week until the close of May, and then once a fortnight 

 till the end of July. In August sow at intervals of three 

 weeks until the early part of September. Sow thinly in 

 drills half an inch deep and a foot apart. The sowing 

 should be in showery weather, otherwise an occasional 

 watering must be given ; for if there is a deficiency of 

 moisture during the first grades of vegetation, not half 

 of the seedlings will come up. The triangular-leaved 

 plants must be thinned to 4 or 5 inches apart, and the 

 round- leaved to 8. Thin by degrees, separating them at 

 first only an inch or two, as the plants of the several 

 thinnings are fit for use. The thinning ought to commence 

 when they have attained four leaves about an inch in 

 breadth. Regular gathering promotes the health of the 

 plants. The outer leaves only should be gathered at a 



