STYPHNOLOBIUM JAPONICUM 839 



SWAIN SONIA 



S epacrioi'des (Epacris-like). 6. Crimson. July. 1823. 

 glau'ca (sea-green). See MONOTOCA LINEATA. 

 Icz'ta (bright- green). 4. Pink. June. 1823. 

 latifo'lia (broad-leaved). See S. L^TA. 

 longifo'lia (long-leaved). 2-3. Green. June. 1807. 

 parvifto'ra (small-flowered). See LEUCOPOGON RICHEI. 

 Ri'chei (Riche's). See LEUCOPOGON RICHEI. 

 sple'ndens (splendid). See ASTROLOMA DIVARICATUM. 

 triflo'ra (three-flowered). 6. Pink. July. 1796. 

 tubiflo'ra (tube-flowered). 6. Scarlet. July. 1802. 

 viridifio'ra (green-flowered). See S. VIRIDIS. 

 vi'ridis (green). 2-4. Green. May. 1791. 



STYPHNOLO'BIUM JAPO'NICUM. See SOPHORA 



JA.POXICA. 



STY'RAX. Storax. (From the Arabic. Nat. ord. 

 Storaxiuorts [Styraceae]. Linn. lo-Decandria, i-Mono- 

 gynia.) 



Hardy deciduous, white-flowered shrubs. By im- 

 ported seeds, and cuttings and layers ; light, rich, sandy 

 loam, and a little peat ; should be planted against a 

 wall to bloom profusely, and it is well worthy of such 

 protection ; next to that a dry, protected situation. 

 S. america'num ( American). 4-6. July. N. Amer. 1765. 

 Benzo'in (Benzoin). Summer. Malaya. Stove. 

 califo'rnicum (Calif ornian). 5-8. Fragrant. April 



to September. California. 1885. 

 grandifo'lium (large-leaved). 6. July. N. Amer. 



1765- 

 Tiemsleya'num (Hemsleyan). 20-30. Central China. 



1910. 

 japo'nicum (Japanese). 5-6. White ; buds pale 



pink. China; Japan. 1868. 



Iceviga'tum (smooth) of Alton. See S. AMERICANUM. 

 laviga'tum (smooth) of Sims. See S. PULVERULENTUM. 

 Oba'ssia (Obassia). 6-10. Fragrant. May, June. 



Japan. 1888. 



officina'le (shop). 12. July. Levant. 1597. 

 pulverule'ntum (powdery). 4. June. N. Amer. 1794. 

 serrula'tum (finely-sawed). 20-40. April, May. 

 Eastern India. 



SUCCO'WIA. (A commemorative name. Nat. ord. 

 Cruciferae.) 



Hardy annual. Seeds. 

 S. balea'rica (Balearic), 

 region. 



Ordinary soil. 



J une, J uly. Mediterranean 



SUCCULENT PLANTS are so characterised on account 

 of their thick juicy leaves. They are formed to exist, 

 says Mr. Fortune, in countries and situations where they 

 are often exposed to intense light and dryness ; their 

 skins are thick ; they have few evaporating pores ; and 

 they have, likewise, few roots to gorge their tissue with 

 food during the rainy season. Therefore, we find the 

 dry, sandy plains of the Cape abounding in aloes and 

 mesembryanthemums ; and the bare volcanic rocks of 

 Mount Etna covered, in many places, with the common 

 prickly pear. In Mexico, also, and in many other parts 

 of Central and South America, the extensive race of 

 cacti, with their curious un-vegetable-like forms, are at 

 home, and flourish even in those dry and parched seasons 

 when the whole face of nature besides seems withered and 

 destroyed. The natural circumstances in which these 

 plants are found are sure and certain guides in cultivation. 



SUCKERS are branches naturally thrown up by a 

 plant from its base, when the onward current of growth 

 of the stem is stopped. 



SUFFOCATION is a term employed by Keith and others 

 to describe any stopping of the transpiratory organs of 

 plants, whether it arises from extravasated sap, mosses, 

 fungi, or from a deficient supply of sap. 



SUGAR BAKERS' REFUSE. See ANIMAL MATTERS. 

 SUGAR CANE. Sa'ccharum officina'rum. 



SULLIVA'NTIA. (A commemorative name. Nat. 

 ord. Saxifragaceae.) 



Hardy perennial herb. Seeds ; divisions. Well- 

 drained soil. 

 S. Ohio'nis (Ohio). J. White. June, July. Ohio. 



SUMACH. Rhu's. 



SUMBUL. Fe'rula Su'mbul. 



SUMMER SNOWFLAKE. Leuco'jum eesti'vum. 



SUN-DEW. Dro'sera. 



SUNFLOWER. Helia'nthus. 



H. a'nnuus, Annual Sunflower, is now much cultivated 

 for its oil, and as a food for cattle and poultry. 



The earlier the seed can be got into the ground the 

 better, say the beginning of April, as the crop will be 

 ready to harvest the latter part of August, which will 

 be of the greatest importance to growers. The neces- 

 sary quantity of seed required for an acre depends upon 

 the conditions of the soil, and varies from four pounds 

 to five pounds ; but, of course, it is advisable to sow a 

 little more than is actually wanted, to provide against 

 accidents. The seed should be drilled into the ground, 

 and the distance from row to row 18 inches ; the plants 

 to be thinned out to 30 inches from plant to plant, and 

 the number of plants at this distance would be about 

 14,500 per acre; at 18 inches from plant to plant, 

 25,000 per acre ; and at 12 inches from plant to plant, 

 32,000. The produce of this kind of grain, like that of 

 most others, varies considerably, according to the state 

 of the soil, climate, and the cultivation that is employed ; 

 but the average quantity of seed is about fifty bushels 

 per acre. This will produce fifty gallons of oil, and of 

 oilcake, 1500 pounds. The stalks, when burnt for alkalj, 

 give ten hundredweight of potash. 



SUN-FRUIT. Helioca'rpus. 

 SUN-PLANT. Portula'ca grandiflo'ra. 

 SUN-ROSE. Helia'nthemum. 



SURFACE GRUBS, or CATERPILLARS, are the larva? 

 of several species of Noctua (Argotis), or Night Moths. 

 Gardeners thus name them because they attack the roots 

 of the turnip, mangold wurzel, &c., just at the surface 

 of the soil. 



SUSA'RIUM SEGETEQ. See SOLENOMELUS LECH- 



LERI. 



SU'SUM. (The native name of the plant. Nat. ord. 

 Flagellariaceae.) 



A stove evergreen plant with leaves like those of a 

 Dracaena. Cuttings in sand, in a close case, with bottom- 

 heat. Fibrous loam, peat and sand. 

 S. anthelmi'nthicum(znthe}mintic). Reddish. Sumatra; 

 Java. 1889. 



SUTHERLA'NDIA. (Named after James Sutherland, 

 author of a botanical catalogue. Nat. ord. Leguminous 

 Plants [Leguminosae]. Linn. ij-Diadelphia, ^-Decandria. 

 Allied to Clianthus.) 



Half-hardy, scarlet-flowered evergreens, from South 

 Africa. Seeds in spring, or cuttings of young shoots in 

 May, under a hand-light ; requires protection in hard 

 winters. 

 S. frute'scens (shrubby). 3. June to September. 1683. 



,, ,, cane 1 scens (hoary). June. 1816. 



microphy'lla (small-leaved). 3. June. 1816. 



,, obcorda'ta (reverse-heart-shaped). 1839. 



SUTTO NLA AUSTRA'LIS (SOUTHERN). See MYR- 



SINE URVILLEI. 



SUWARROW-NUT. Ca'ryocar. 



SWAINSO'NIA. (Named after Isaac Swainson, F.R.S. 

 Xat. ord. Leguminous Plants [Leguminosae]. Linn. 17- 

 Diadelphia, ^-Decandria. Allied to Colutea.) 



Greenhouse, Australian, evergreen shrubs. Seeds in 

 a slight hotbed in April, after being soaked in warm water, 

 or they may be sown when ripe ; cuttings of young shoots 

 in sand, under a bell-glass, and kept in a cool frame or 

 pit any time in summer ; sandy, fibrous loam, and a 

 third of peat. Winter temp., 38 to 45. They would 

 no doubt succeed against a protecting wall. 

 5. astragali fo'lia (Astragalus-leaved). See A. LESSERTLS- 



FOLIA ASTRAGALIFOLIA. 



atrococci' nea (dark-scarlet). Garden variety. 1887. 

 cane'scens (hoary). 1-2. Blue to violet-purple. May. 



Swan River. 

 coronillcefo'lia (Coronilla-leaved). 2. Purple. July, 



1800. 

 ., albifio'ra (white-flowered). 2. White. July. 



1826. 

 ecallo'sa (non-callused) . Like S. coronillafolia, but 



callosities of standard absent. Western Australia. 



1903. 



