TILLETIA 



862 



TOBACCO 



TULE'TIA. Bunt. The various species of Tilletia 

 grow upon different grasses, and the most common, T. 

 tri'tici (often named T. ca'ries), grows upon the young 

 grains of wheat, filling the interior with dark brown 

 spores. When crushed, the grains feel greasy and give 

 off a disagreeable odour. The spores are netted, and 

 on germination give rise to a short hypha or stalk, on the 

 apex of which a cluster of slightly curved, needle-like 

 sporidia are produced. Infected grain may be steeped 

 in solutions of i per cent.of carbolic acid, or permanganate 

 of potash, in water. 



TIMO'NIUS. (Derived from the Malay name. Nat' 

 ord. Rubiaceae.) 



Evergreen stove trees. Cuttings in sand, in bottom- 

 heat. Fibrous loam, a little peat, and sand. 

 T. fambose'lla (Jambosella). See T. KOINIGII. 

 Kceni'gii (Koenig's). 10. White. Malaya. 1810. 

 Ru'mphii (Rumphius 1 ). 12. White. Malaya. 1823. 



TINA'NTIA. (Commemorative of Tinant, a Belgian 

 botanist. Nat. ord. Commelinaceae.) 



Greenhouse perennial herb. Divisions. Loam, leaf- 

 mould, and sand. 

 T. ere' eta (erect). See T. FUGAX. 

 fu'gax (fugacious). i$. Blue-purple. July. Trop. 

 Amer. 1794. 



TTNEA. A genus of moths, the larva of which are 

 very destructive. 



T. daucella. Carrot Moth. Head and back and upper 

 wings reddish-brown ; abdomen grey and white. Its 

 caterpillar is greenish-grey, with black tubercles, and 

 lives on the flowers and seeds of the carrot, but prefers 

 the parsnip. The correct name is Depressaria daucella. 



T. padella, Small Ermine Moth, is white, with black 

 dots on the upper wings. Eggs deposited in June and 

 July near the blossom-buds of the hawthorn, euonymus, 

 apple, and pear-tree. Caterpillars appear in autumn, 

 and inclose the twigs with a web. In the following spring 

 they attack the petals and calyx. Colour, dull lead, 

 with a black head. The proper name is Hyponomeuta 

 padella. 



T. derckella. Pear-tree Blister Moth. The cater- 

 pillars of this raise dark-brown blisters on the leaves of 

 the pear-tree, and less often on those of the apple. The 

 moth is active and minute, shining like pearly satin, the 

 winge having an orange ground, spotted with black and 

 other colours. It appears in May. Mr. Curtis says : 

 " To check this disease, it will be advisable to wash the 

 tree with soapsuds the end of May or beginning of J une, 

 when the moths are pairing and laying eggs for a future 

 progeny ; and if a very valuable tree be only partially 

 attacked, the blistered leaves might be gathered and 

 burnt as soon as any spots began to appear in August." 



T. capitella. Triple-spotted Currant Tinea. The 

 larvae of this feed upon the pith of the young shoots of 

 the currant, which they attack in the spring. The moth 

 itself is fuscous ; the head with an ochreous tuft ; superior 

 wings bronzed, spotted with purple and yellow. 



T. porectella, Rocket or Grey-streak Moth, has its 

 habits and forms thus described by Mr. Curtis : 



During the middle and latter end of April, as the shoots 

 of the rockets advance, it is found that the leaves adhere 

 firmly together, and those that liberate themselves are 

 perforated with large holes. On forcibly opening a shoot 

 (for the young leaves are connected by silken threads), 

 a small green caterpillar of different shades, varying with 

 its age, is found in or near the centre, feeding upon the 

 tender leaves, and sometimes a little family of four or 

 five inhabit the same head. The head, feelers, and horns 

 of our little moth are white, the latter with a few black 

 spots near the tips ; the thorax is cream-coloured, the 

 sides brown, upper wings lance-shaped, very pale clay 

 brown, with whitish streaks. Perhaps the best mode of 

 extirpating them would be to search for the young cater- 

 pillars between the leaves on the first symptoms of their 

 presence, and extracting them with a small pair of forceps, 

 such as are used for microscopic objects ; but as some 

 might be too minute at that early period to te detected 

 on the first search, this operation must be repeated. 

 Pinching the maggots in the bud is also recommended. 



TTNNEA. (Commemorative of Mademoiselle Tinnc, 

 a traveller on the Nile. Nat. ord. Labiatae.) 



Stove shrubs. Cuttings in sand, in a close frame, with 

 bottom-heat. Fibrous loam, peat, and sand. 



T. csthio'pica (Ethiopian). 2-4. Dark maroon or 

 brown, fragrant. Trop. Africa. 1867. 



,, denta'ta (toothed). Differs by having a large 

 calyx. 1884. 



,, Sacleu'xii (Sacleux's). 2. Dark maroon. Flowers 

 not solitary. Trop. Africa (?). 1909. 



TINO'SPORA. (From tis, tinos, distinguished or 

 notable, and spora, a seed ; the seeds are moon-shaped. 

 Nat. ord. Menispermacea?.) 



Stove twiners. Seeds ; cuttings in sand, in bottom- 

 heat. Loam, peat, and sand. 

 T. cordifo'lia (heart-leaved). 20. White, green. E. Ind. 



1820. 



,, cri'spa (crisped). 20. White, green. Java. 1822. 

 ,, tomento'sa (felted). 10. White, green. India ; 



Burma. 1819. 



TI'PULA. Crane-Fly, or Daddy-long-legs. T. oleracea, 

 the grubs, or " leather- jackets," so injurious to the market 

 gardener, are its larvae. They attack the roots of scarlet 

 beans, lettuces, dahlias, potatoes, &c., from May to 

 August. During the last month and September they 

 become pupas. Mr. Curtis observes, that it is said that 

 lime-water will not kill them, and suggests that if quick- 

 lime was scattered on the ground at night, it would 

 destroy them when they come to the surface to feed ; 

 and all the gnats that are found on the walls, palings, 

 ground, or elsewhere, should be killed, especially the 

 female, which would prevent any eggs being deposited 

 in the ground. A mixture of lime and gas-water, dis- 

 tributed by a watering-pot over grass, has completely 

 exterminated the larvae where they had been exceedingly 

 destructive ; and by sweeping the grass with a bag-net, 

 like an angler's landing-net, only covered with canvas, 

 immense numbeis of the gnats might be taken and 

 destroyed. * 



TITHO'NIA. (From Tiihonus, in mythology, the 

 favourite of Aurora. Nat. ord. Composites [Composite]. 

 Linn. ig-Syngenesia, ^-Frustranea. Allied to Helianthus.) 

 Stove, yellow-flowered evergreens, from Mexico. Cut- 

 tings of young shoots, a little firm at their base, in sand, 

 under a bell-glass, and in a little bottom-heat ; rich, 

 sandy, fibrous loam. Winter temp., 50 to 55 ; summer, 

 60 to 80. 

 T. diversifo'lia (diverse-leaved). Golden-yellow. August. 



1908. 



exce'lsa (tall). See VIGUIERA EXCELSA. 

 ova'ta (egg-leaved). See ZEXMENIA OVATA. 

 specio'sa (showy). 4. Rich red. August. 1833. 

 tagetifto'ra (marigold-flowered). 10. August. 1818. 

 tubcefo'rmis (tube-formed). 4-5. July. 1799. 



TITHY'MALUS. (From tithumalos, the Greek name 



for spurge, seven species of which were described by 



Dioscorides. Nat. ord. Euphorbiaceae. Now referred to 



! Euphorbia.) 



T. angustifo'lius (narrow-leaved). See EUPHORBIA 



CYPARISSIAS. 



genicula'tus (kneed). See EUPHORBIA GENICULATA. 

 pe'ndulus (drooping). See EUPHORBIA PENDULA. 

 TITTMA'NNIA OVA'TA. See VANDELLIA CRUSTACEA. 

 TITTMA'NNIA VISCO'SA. See VANDELLIA HIRSUTA. 

 TOAD FLAX. Lina'ria. 



TOAD FLAX, IVY-LEAVED. Lina'ria Cymbala'ria. 

 TOAD FLOWER, AFRICAN. Stape'lia. 

 TOAD LILY. Tricy'rlis. 

 TOAD RUSH. Ju'ncusbufo'nius. 



TOAD TOOL. Poisonous members of Agaricus and 

 allied genera. 



TOBACCO (Nicotia'na), whether in the form of snuff, 

 or its decoction in water, or its smoke whilst burning, is 

 very destructive to insects. 



Tobacco-paper is paper saturated with the decoction 

 of tobacco, and when burnt emits a fume nearly as strong. 

 It is an easy mode of generating the smoke. Whenever 

 plants are smoked they should be done so on two fol- 

 lowing nights, and then be syringed the following morn- 

 ing. Mr. Cameron says : I have always found tobacco- 

 paper the most efficacious substance to fumigate with 

 for destroying the aphis without doing any injury to the 

 plants. If the house is not filled too rapidly with smoke, 



