TOBACCO, ROCK 



863 TOLUIFERA BALSAMUM 



and is allowed to reach the glass without corning in 

 contact with any of the plants, it then descends as it 

 cools, without doing any injury. Plants fumigated in 

 frames, or under hand-glasses, are most liable to be 

 injured by the heat of the smoke, if not done cautiously. 

 There is a spurious kind of tobacco-paper sometimes 

 offered in spring by the tobacconists, apparently made 

 to meet the increased demand, and this kind of paper 

 will bring the leaves off plants, without killing many of 

 the aphides. It is of a lighter colour than the genuine 

 sort, and may be readily detected by the smell being very 

 different. Foliage should be perfectly dry when a house 

 is fumigated, and should not be syringed till next morn- 

 ing. If plants are syringed immediately after fumiga- 

 tion, many of the aphides will recover even when they 

 have dropped off the plants, a fact which anyone may 

 soon prove after fumigating a house. 



Another very simple mode of fumigating plants in 

 frames, and under hand-glasses turned over them for 

 the purpose, is as follows : " Dissolve a tablespoonful 

 of saltpetre in a pint of water ; take pieces of the coarsest 

 brown paper, 6 inches wide and 10 inches long, steep 

 them thoroughly in the solution, dry them, and keep till 

 wanted. To fumigate, roll one of the pieces into a pipe 

 like a cigar, leaving the hollow half an inch in diameter, 

 which nil with tobacco, twist one end and stick it into 

 the soil, light the other, and it will burn gradually away 

 for an hour or more." 



Tobacco-smoke should not be admitted to fruit-trees 

 when in bloom, nor when the fruit is ripening, as it im- 

 parts to them a flavour. See FUMIGATING and FUMI- 



GATOR. 



Tobacco-water is usually made from what is known as 

 Tobacconists' Liquor, being a liquor expressed by them, 

 and full of ammonia and the acrid oil of the plant. To 

 every gallon of this add five gallons of water. This 

 mixture with Read's garden-syringe may be sprinkled 

 over the trees, putting it on with the finest rose, and being 

 careful to wet all the leaves. This operation is to be 

 performed only in the hottest sunshine, as the effect is 

 then much greater than when the weather is dull ; five 

 gallons of liquor reduced as above stated cleanses seven- 

 teen peach and nectarine- trees, averaging 17 feet in 

 length, and 12 in height. The black, glutinous aphis, 

 provincially called blight, so destructive to the cherry- 

 trees, and, in fact, every species of aphis, is destroyed 

 in the same way with equal facility. The grubs which 

 attack the apricot may be destroyed almost instantly by 

 immersing the infested leaves in this liquor. 



As the tobacconists' liquor cannot be obtained always, 

 tobacco-water may be, in such case, made by pouring 

 half a gallon of boiling water upon one ounce of strong 

 tobacco, allowing it to remain until cold, and then strain- 

 ing it. 



TOBACCO, ROCK. Primuli'na Taba'cum. 

 TOBOLEWSKYA CLAVA TA. See SOBOLEWSKIA 



CLAVATA. 



TOCO CA. (The native name in Guiana for T. 

 guianensts. Nat. ord. Melastornaceae.) 



Kwrfireen stove shrubs with large and highly orna- 

 mental leaves. Cuttings of side-shoots in sand, in a 

 close frame, with bottom-heat. Fibrous loam and peat 

 in equal parts, with some coarse sand. 

 T. cintutmo'mea (cinnamon). Leaves cinnamon brown 



beneath. Brazil. 1865. 

 ferrugi'nta (rusty). Brazil. 1868. 

 formica'ria (ant). Brazil. 

 guiane'nsis (Guianan). 3-4. Pink. August. Guiana. 



1826. 



imperia'lis (imperial). Peru. 1869. 

 latifo'lia, (broad- leaved). Pale red. Brazil. 1862. 



TOCOYFNA. (Name in Guiana. Nat. ord. Rubiads 

 [Rubiaceae]. Linn. yPentandria, i-Monogynia. Allied 

 to Posoqueria.) 



Stove evergreen shrub. Cuttings of half-ripened 

 shoots in sandy soil, under a glass, in heat, in May ; 

 fibrous peat, a little lumpy loam, sand, and charcoal. 

 Winter temp., 50 to 60 ; summer, 60 to 85. 

 T. longifio'ra (long-flowered). 6 Yellow. Guiana. 1826. 



TODDALIA. (Toddali, the Malabar name of T. 

 aculea'ta. Nat. ord. Rueuvrts [Rutaceae]. Linn. 21- 

 Monacia, yPfntandria. Allied to Ptelea.) 



Stove white-flowered evergreens. Cuttings of young, 

 stubby side-shoots in sand, under a glass, in April, in a 

 sweet bottom-heat ; fibrous loam and a little peat or 

 leaf-mould. Winter temp., 30 to 60 ; summer, 60 

 to 80. 



T. aculea'ta (prickly). 6. India ; Malaya. 1790. 

 angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). 6. Mauritius. 1824. 

 lanceola'ta (lance-shaped). 4. May. Trop. Africa; 



Mauritius. 1824. 



panicula'ta (panicled). 30. May. Mascarene Islands. 

 1824. 



TODDY PALM. Caryo'ta u'rens. 



TO'DEA. (Named after H. J. Tode, a German student 

 of Ferns. Nat. ord. Ferns [Filices]. Linn. 2^-Cryplo- 

 gamia, i-Filices. Allied to Osmunda.) 



Greenhouse, brown-spored Fems. See FERNS. 

 T. africa'na (African). See T. BARBARA. 

 austra'lis (southern). N. Holland. 1831. 

 ba'rbara (unpolished). 2-6. New Zealand to S. 



Africa. 1805. 

 Fra'srt( Eraser's). 2-4$. Blue Mountains, Australia ; 



New Caledonia. 

 wilkfsia'na (Wilkesian). Fronds larger; lower 



pinna* deflexed. Fiji. 1870. 



grandipi'nnula (large-pinnuled). See T. MOOREI. 

 Aym*noAy//ot'd(Hymenophyllum-like). i- 2 i. New 



Zealand. 1842. 



intermedia (intermediate), i-if. New Zealand. 1869. 

 Moo'rei (Moore's). Fronds tripinnate. Lord Howe's 



Island. 1886. 



pellu'cida (transparent). See T. HYMENOPHYLLOIDES. 

 rii-ula'ris (river-bank). See T. BARBARA. 

 supSrba (superb). 3-5$. New Zealand. 1861. 

 plumo'sa (plumy). Ultimate segments turned up. 



1879. 

 ., wilkesia'na (Wilkesian). See T. FRASERI WILKESIAXA. 



TOFIE'LDIA. " False AsphodeL" (Named after Mr. 

 Tofield, a botanical patron. Nat. ord. Lilyuvrts [Lili- 

 aceae]. Linn. 6-Hexandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Hardy, North American, herbaceous perennials. 

 Division of the roots in spring ; sandy loam and a little 

 vegetable mould. 



T. alpi'na (alpine). See T. CALYCULATA. 

 borea'lis (northern). See T. PALUSTRIS. 

 ,, calycula'ta (large-calyxed). . White. Europe. 

 glutino'sa (clammy). $. White. 1825. 

 palu'stris (marsh). J. White. May. North tem- 

 perate and arctic regions (Scotland). " Scotch 

 Asphodel." 



,, pu'bens (downy). Green, yellow. July. 1840. 

 pubtsccns (downy). J. White. April. 1790. 

 ,, rufe'scens (reddish). Country unknown. 



TOLMJE'A. (Commemorative of Mr. Tolmie, a doctor 

 of the Hudson's Bay Company. Nat. ord. Saxifragaceae.) 



Hardy perennial herb, producing a plantlet at the base 

 of each leaf blade. Divisions. Ordinary soil. 

 T. .MenziSsii (Menzies'). i-ij. Greenish. April. 

 N.W. Amer. 1812. 



TO'LPIS. (Meaning not known. Nat. ord. Composites 

 [Composite], Linn. \g-Syngenesia, i-&qualis. Allied 

 to Cichorium.) 



Hardy, yellow-flowered annuals, from the South of 

 Europe. Seeds in flower-beds or borders in April. The 

 shrubby species may be propagated by cuttings in sandy 

 soil, under a bell-glass in summer. 

 T. altissima (tallest). 4. June. 1823. 

 barba'ta (beaided-purple-eyed). 2. Yellow, purple. 



J une. 1620. 



coronopifo 'lia (buckhorn-leaved). i. June. 1777. 

 {Uifo'rmis (thread-formed). i^. Yellow. June. 



Madeira. 1777. Greenhouse evergreen shrub. 

 frutico'sa (shrubby). Yellow. June. Canaries. 1785. 



Greenhouse evergreen shrub. 



grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). See T. ALTISSIMA. 

 macrorhi'za (large-rooted). Yellow. Madeira. Green- 

 house. 



urnbella'ta (umbelled). 2. Yellow, purple. 1820. 

 virga'ta (twiggy). 2. 1818. 



TOLU BALSAM-TREE. Myn'xylon tolui'fervm. 

 TOLUIFERA BALSAMUM. Myro'xylon tolui'ferum. 



