TOTARA PINE 



865 



TRACHELOSPERMOI 



the plum falls off, soon creeps out, and penetrates the 

 loose bark, forming a case, in which it remains during 

 the winter. Early in the spring it changes into a light 

 brown pupa, and the moth emerges about June. The 

 moth is not so large as a house-fly ; its wings are almost 

 black, and when the sun is shining on them they have a 

 remarkably metallic lustre ; on the outer edge of the 

 fore- wings there is an appearance of fine silver dust. 

 Among the remedies proposed to lessen the ravages of 

 this insect, it is recommended to shake the trees and 

 remove all the fruit that falls off; and another good 

 method is to scrape the rough pieces of bark off the 

 stem under which the cocoons are concealed : this must 

 be done late in the autumn, or early in the spring." 



T. bergmanniana. Rose Tortrix. Differs little to a 

 common observer from the preceding. Where bushes 

 are much infested with the larvae of these insects, it is 

 much better to cut them down, and burn the shoots. 

 This and hand-picking are the only remedies we are 

 acquainted with. Care must be taken not to disturb 

 the maggots when collecting them, for they will let 

 themselves down with threads, and thus escape. 



T. ocellana. This is the parent of the red-bud cater- 



Gillar, which destroys the buds of the apple and pear, 

 pper wings grey, with a white transverse band. 



T. wceberana. Plum-tree Tortrix. Its larva feeds on 

 the inner bark of the plum, apricot, almond, and peach. 

 The grubs pierce holes through the bark, which may be 

 detected by small heaps of red powder upon it. Moth 

 brown ; grub greenish, with a red head. It is also 

 known as Semasia u-ceberana. 



T. pomonana. Codling Moth. Its reddish-white grub 

 is common in apples and pears. Moth light grey, streaked 

 with dark grey. Seen of an evening during May, and 

 the grubs appear soon after. All fallen apples should 

 be destroyed, because they usually contain this or other 

 grubs, which will otherwise produce moths, and multiply 

 the evil. It is now usually named Carpocapsa pomonella. 



T. turionana, T. hyrcyniana, T. resinella, and T. 

 buoliana, all infest pine- trees, injuring them by depositing 

 their eggs in the buds, which are subsequently preyed 

 upon by their caterpillars. 



TOTA'RA PINE. Podoca'rpus Tota'ra. 

 TCUCH-ME-NOT. Impa'tiens. 



TOURNEFO RTIA. (Named after /. P. Tournefort, a 

 great systematic botanist. Nat. ord. Borageivorts [Boragi- 

 naceae]. Linn. s-Pentandria, i-Monogynia. Allied to 

 the Heliotrope.) 



Cuttings of young shoots in April or August, in sandy 

 soil, under glass, and in a little heat. Some, such as 

 heliotropioi'des, make a fair bed out of doors ; except 

 for this purpose, they are not worth house room either 

 in a greenhouse or a plant-stove ; any light, common 

 soil suits them, and they may be planted out in the 

 middle of May. 



GREENHOUSE EVERGREENS. 



T. frutico'sa (shrubby). See T. MESSERSCHMIDIA. 

 heliotropioi'des (Heliotropium-like). See HELIO- 



TROPIUM ANCHUS^EFOLIUM. 



Messcrschmi'dia (Messerschmidia). 3-4. Yellow. 



June. Canaries. 1800. 



umbella'ta (umbelled). White. June. Mexico. 1826. 

 veluti'na (velvety). 10. White. June. Mexico. 



1826. 



STOVE EVERGREENS. 



T. caracasa'na (Caracas). White. May. Caracas. 



1828. 



cordifo'lia (heart-leaved). White. Colombia. 1887. 

 gnaphalo'des (Gnaphalium-like). White. June. W. 



Ind. 1820. 

 hirsuti'ssima (hairiest). 10. Green, yellow. June. 



W. Ind. 1818. 



Iczvigata (smooth). Trop. Amer. 

 ,, launfo'lia (laurel- leaved). 12. Yellow. July. W. 



Ind. 1829. 

 macula' ta (spotted- fruited). Yellow. June. Cartha- 



gena. 1828. 

 peruvia'na (Peruvian). 10. Green, yellow. July. 



Peru. 1816. 

 sca'brida (rough). S. Amer. 



T. sca'ndens (climbing) of Miller. Jamaica. 

 ,, sca'ndens (climbing) of Willdenow. See T. PERUVIANA. 

 volu'bilis (twining). 10. Green, yellow. July. 

 Jamaica. 1752. 



TOURRE'TIA. (Commemorative of Marc. Ant. Claret 

 de la Tourret, a botanist. Nat. ord. Bignoniaceae.) 



Hardy or half-hardy twining herb. Seeds. Loam, 

 leaf-mould, and sand. 



T. lappa'cea (Lappa-like). See T. VOLUBILIS. 

 volu'bilis ( twining). 4-6. Violet-purple. July. Peru. 

 1788. 



TOVA'RIA OLERA'CEA. See SMILACINA OLERACEA. 



TOVOMTTA. (Tovomite, the name in Cayenne. Nat. 

 ord. Guttifers [Guttiferae], Linn. i^-Polyandria, 5-Penta- 

 gynia.) 



Stove evergreen trees. Cuttings of half-ripened shoots 

 in sand, under a bell-glass, in heat ; sandy peat and 

 fibrous loam. Winter temp., 58 to 65 ; summer, 65 

 to 90, and moist atmosphere. 

 T. amazo'nica (Amazon). Brazil. 

 choisya'na (Choisyan). Guiana. 

 clusicefo'lia (Clusia-leaved). 10. Yellow. May. 



Cayenne. 1823. 

 /rMc/ip^rtdw/a(drooping-fruited). 10-15. Pale yellow. 



January. Peru. 

 guiane'nsis (Guianan). Green. Guiana. 1827. 



TOWERWORT. Turri'tis. 



TOWN CRESS. Lepi'dium sati'vum. 



TOWNSE'NDIA. (Commemorative of Townsend. 

 Nat. ord. Composites.) 



Dwarf, stemless, hardy herbs. Seeds. Ordinary, 

 well-drained soil. 



T. grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). Yellow. N.W. Ame-. 

 wilcoxia'na (Wilcoxian). J. Yellow. N.W. Amer. 

 1905. 



TOXICODE'NDRON. (From toxicon, poison, and den- 

 dron, a tree ; all parts are more or less poisonous. Nat. 

 ord. Euphorbiaceae.) 



A large greenhouse shrub. Cuttings in sand under a 

 bell-glass. Loam, finely broken bricks, and sand. 

 T. capSnse (Cape). 6. June. S. Africa. 1783. 



TOXICOPHL2E'A. (From toxicon, poison, and phloios, 

 the inner bark of woody plants. Nat. ord. Apocynaceae. 

 Now referred to Acokanthera.) 

 T. cestroi'des (Cestrum-like). See ACOKANTHERA VENEN- 



ATA. 



specta'bilis (showy). See ACOKANTHERA SPECTABILIS. 

 Thunbe'rgii (Thunberg's). See ACOKANTHERA VENEN- 



TRACHELTUM. Throatwort. (From trachelos, the 

 neck ; supposed efficacy in diseases of the trachea. Nat. 

 ord. Bellworts [CampanulaceaeJ. Linn. s~Pentandria, i- 

 Monogynia.) 



Hardy herbaceous perennials. Seeds in a slight hotbed 

 in spring ; also by cuttings of young shoots in sandy 

 soil, in April, or at the end of summer ; sandy loam and 

 a little vegetable mould. 



T. ccsru'leum (blue). 2. Blue. August. Western Medi- 

 terranean region. 1640. 

 a'lbum (white). White. 

 ,, rumelia'num (Roomelian). Blue. Greece. 

 rume'licum (Ro umelian). See T. RUMELIANUM. 



TRACHELOSPE'RMUM. (From trachelos, the neck, 

 and sperma, a seed ; the seeds are furnished with a dense 

 tuft of hairs at one end. Nat. ord. Apocynaceae.) 



Greenhouse or hardy evergreen twiners. Cuttings in 



sand, under a bell-glass. Fibrous loam, peat, and sand. 



T. croco'stomum (saffron-mouthed). 10. Buff, with pale 



orange mouth. July. China (?). 1903. Hardy. 



diffo'rme (two-formed). 8. Pale yellow. July. N. 



Amer. 1806. 

 jasminoi'des (Jasminum-like). 10-12. White. May 



to August. China ; Japan. 1846. 

 angustifo'lium (narrow-leaved). T. crocostomum. 

 variega'tum (variegated). Leaves edged with 

 creamy-white. 



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