TRUMPET CREEPER 



878 



TULBAGIA 



about one-tenth of powdered snail-shells if the soil was 

 too stiff. 



Choosing an aspect rather exposed to the north than 

 the south, where no reflected rays could fall upon it, 

 with every precaution to insure its being thoroughly 

 soaked with pure rain-water, and after waiting a day or 

 two, till it was in a proper state of moisture, he made 

 rows half a foot deep, and in these, at 6 inches distance, 

 he placed good and sound truffles, each of them being 

 surrounded with two or three handfuls of oak sawdust, 

 taking care to mark the rows accurately. Ridges were 

 then made over each row, to prevent the truffles being 

 injured by too abundant moisture. The bed was then 

 left till the following autumn, with no other precaution 

 than, in dry weather, to take care that it did not become 

 too dry. The result, we are informed, was an abundant 

 harvest every year from October to January. 



Bradley, writing, in 1726, of the cultivation f the 

 truffle in England, says, that the truffle may be easily 

 cultivated where there are woods or coppices of oak or 

 hazel, and where the soil is not too stiff, or inclining to 

 chalk. The soil where they are most found is a reddish 

 sandy loam ; this will then be the best for our purpose, 

 especially if it has lain long uncultivated. When we are 

 thus provided with the proper soil, we must be sure to 

 let it lie undisturbed till we are ready to plant, which 

 will be in the months of October, November, and Decem- 

 ber, if the weather be open ; for then the truffles are to 

 be found in their full ripeness, and then, likewise, one 

 may find them in a state of putrefaction, which is the 

 time when the seeds are prepared for vegetation. It is 

 in the last state that one ought to gather truffles for 

 planting, or, at least, they should be in perfect ripeness. 

 The proper soil and these rotten truffles being found, we 

 may begin our work as follows. Open a spot of ground 

 of a convenient space, and take out the earth about 

 8 inches deep, and screen it, that it may be as fine as 

 possible ; then lay about 2 or 3 inches thick of this fine 

 earth at the bottom of the trench or open ground, and 

 upon it lay some of the over- ripe truffles, about i feet 

 distance from one another ; and, as soon as possible, 

 prepare a thin mud, made of the screened earth and 

 water, well-stirred and mixed together, and pour it on 

 the truffles till the open ground is quite filled up. By 

 this means, in a few hours, the ground will be as closely 

 settled about the truffles as if it had never been dug or 

 disturbed at all, and you may expect a good crop in 

 due time. You must, however take care to choose 

 your spots of ground in woods or coppices, or such 

 places as are shaded with trees. Their favourite tree is 

 the oak, or the ilex or evergreen oak, as the elm is the 

 favourite of the morelle. Notwithstanding these state- 

 ments, it is quite certain that, at present, the art of 

 cultivating the truffle is not known in England ; and it 

 will remain unknown, probably, until we have discovered 

 how its spawn can be prepared as for cultivating the 

 mushroom. 



Mr. Gower says he recommended an old truffle-hunter 

 to bury, at the proper depth, some of his truffles that 

 were in a state of decay and unfit for the table under 

 one of the unproductive trees sufficient in stature and 

 in umbrageous development. At the beginning of next 

 winter, when his visit was repeated, he sought for Mr. G., 

 and told him, with great satisfaction, that the scheme 

 had answered ; for he had found two or three pounds of 

 excellent truffles beneath the hitherto barren tree. By 

 following this example, proprietors of trees adapted to 

 truffles, and where the proper trees have been planted, 

 may, in a short period, do that which a lapse of years, 

 unassisted, would not effect. Of all trees the cedar of 

 Lebanon is the most favourable to the growth of the truffle. 



TRUMPET CREEPER. Teco'ma radi'cans. 

 TRUMPET FLOWER. Bigno'nia. 

 TRUMPET HONEYSUCKLE. Lonice'ra sempervi'rens. 

 TRUMPET LILY. Richa'rdia africa'na. 



TRUSS is the florist's name for what botanists call 

 an umbel of flowers, where several flowers have their 

 stalks united at one common centre, and thus spring 

 from the root or.branch on one stem, as in the auricula, 

 polyanthus, and cowslip. See PIP. 



TRYMA'LIUM. (From trumalia, a hole; the fruit 

 has three valves or openings at the top. Nat, ord. 



Rhamnads [Rhamnaceae]. Linn. ^-Pentandria, i-Mono- 

 gynia.) 



Greenhouse evergreen shrubs, from Australia. Cuttings 

 in sand, under a bell-glass, or in a gentle heat in the 

 stove. Loam, peat, and sand. 

 T. Billardie'ri (Billardiere's). Australia. 



capsula're (capsular). See COLUBRINA ASIATICA. 



odorati' ssimum (sweetest-scented). White. Febru- 

 ary. 1837. 



spathula'tum (spathulate). See SPYRIDIUM SPATHU- 



LATUM. 



TSU'GA. (The Japanese name of T. Sieboldii. Nat. 

 ord. Coniferae.) 



Hardy trees most nearly allied to Picea. Seeds. 

 Good loamy soil. 



T. alberiia'na (Albertian). See T. MERTENSIANA. 

 brunonia'na (Brownian). 60-70. East and Central 



Himalaya. 1886. " Indian Hemlock Fir." 

 eanade'nsis (Canadian). 50-70. N.E. Amer. 1736. 



" Hemlock Spruce." 



arge'ntea (silvery). Leaves silvery at tips of young 

 growths. 



macrophy'lla (large-leaved). 

 ,, milfordie' nsis (Milford). Dwarf and drooping. 

 ,, na'na (dwarf). 3. Of low spreading habit. 

 parvifo'lia (small- leaved). Oregon. 

 pe'ndula (drooping). " Weeping Hemlock Spruce." 

 pe'ndula arge'ntea (silvery-weeping). 

 ,, Surge' ntii pe'ndula (Sargent's- weeping). 

 variega'ta (variegated). 

 carolinia'na (Carolinian). 50-60. Southern Alle- 



ghanies. 1886. 



,, hookeria'na (Hookerian). See T. PATTONIANA GLAUCA. 

 mertensia'na (Mertensian). 80-150. North-western 



Amer. 



pattonia'na (Pattonian). 5-30. Mountains of Cali- 

 fornia. 1852. 



glau'ca (sea-green). 5-10. Mountains of Cali- 

 fornia. 1852. 



R&zlii (Rcezf's). 40-60. California. 1870. 

 Siebo'ldii (Siebold's). 10-100. Japan. "Japanese 



Hemlock Spruce." 



na'na (dwarf). 2-3. Japan. 1872. 

 Tsu'ja (Tsuja). See T. SIEBOLDII. 

 yunnane'nsis (Yunnan). Cones subglobose, large. 

 South-western to Central China. 1906. 



TUBE FLOWER. Clerode'ndron Siphona'nthus. 



TUBER. A short, thickened underground stem, like 

 the tubers of Caladium and Richardia, with buds on the 

 apex ; or a thickened, fleshy underground branch, like 

 the tuber of the Potato, with buds or eyes on various 

 parts of it. 



TU'BER CIBA'RIUM. See TRUFFLE. 



TUBEROSE. Polya'nthes tubero'sa. The name Tuber- 

 ose is not derived from tube rose, but is a corruption of 

 tuberosa, the specific name. 



TULBA'GIA. (Commemorative of Tulbagh, a Dutch 

 governor of the Cape. Nat. ord. Lih'acese. Allied to 

 Agapanthus.) 



Greenhouse herbs with creeping rhizomes. T. alliacea 

 is so nearly hardy that it can be grown in narrow, warm 

 borders at the base of hothouse walls outside, like 

 Agapauthus, some Crinums, and the Belladonna Lily. 

 Offsets. Light, rich, well-drained soil. 

 T. acuti'loba (acute-lobed). S. Africa. 

 affl'nis (allied). See T. ALLIACEA AFFINIS. 

 allia'cea (Allium-like). i-i. Lilac-purple. June 



S. Africa. 1820. 

 affi'nis (allied), ij. Flowers larger ; plant more 



robust. 

 ludwigia'na (Ludwigian). ii-2. Leaves very 



broad. 



allia'cea (Onion- seen ted) of Sims. See T. CAPENSIS. 

 cape'nsis (Cape). i\-z. Greenish-purple. June. S. 



Africa. 1774. 

 ludwigia'na (Ludwigian). See T. ALLIACEA LUD- 



WIGIANA. 

 natale'nsis (Natal). Greenish-white, fragrant. Natal. 



1891. 



Si'mmleri (Simmler's). i-i. Rose. Transvaal. 1908. 

 viola'cea (violet). 1-2. Purple-violet. March, April 

 S. Africa. 1838. 



