TURNIP-FLY 



883 



TYPHA 



These sowings are to be repeated in small proportions, 

 at monthly intervals, until the beginning of July, when 

 the main crop for the supply of the winter may be in- 

 serted ; and finally, small crops at the commencement of 

 August and September for spring. 



Mod*. So* broadcast, or in drills 12 inches apart, 

 and very thin ; and to enable the seed to be distributed 

 regularly, mix it well with sand before sowing. Each 

 sowing should, if possible, be performed in showery 

 weather; if otherwise, water at the time of insertion, 

 and three times a week afterwards. 



Thin the plants when they have four or five leaves 

 about 2 inches in breadth to at least 12 asunder from 

 each other. 



Water must be given frequently and plentifully, as on 

 a regular supply of moisture their goodness, in a great 

 measure, depends. 



In November or December, before the setting-in of 

 frost, some of the bulbs must be taken up, and, the tops 

 and roots being removed, preserved under shelter in sand. 

 The young tops are much in request during spring ; they 

 must be gathered when very young, otherwise they are 

 strong-flavoured and bitterish. 



To obtain Seed, some of the most perfect roots of those 

 which will withstand the winter may remain where 

 grown ; or they may be transplanted in November or 

 February ; of the two earliest varieties, sown on a 

 border early in March, seme of the bulbs being allowed 

 to remain wiH produce seed the same autumn. 



Manures. The best manure for turnips is stable-dung ; 

 and next in their order, guano, super-phosphate of lime, 

 soot, and salt. 



For the injuries to which the turnip is liable, see 

 ATHALIA, AMBURY, and BLACK FLEA. 



Turnip Cabbage (Bra'ssica Na'po-bra'ssica) and 

 Turnip-rooted Cabbage (B. Cau'lo-ra'pa). See KXOHL- 

 KOHL. 



TURNIP-FLY. See BLACK FLEA. 



TURNIP MOTH. Agro'iis se'getum. 



TURNSOLE. Helioiro'pium. 



TURPENTINE. Si'lphium terebinthina'ceum. 



TURPENTINE-MOTH. See RETIXIA BUOLIANA and 



R. TURIONAXA. 



TURPENTINE-TREE. Pista'cia Terebi'nthus. 

 TURPI'NIA. (Commemorative of P. Turpin, a French 

 artist. Nat. ord. Sapindaceae.) 



Stove and greenhouse evergreen trees or shrubs. 

 Cuttings of ripe shoots in sand, in a close case, with 

 gentle bottom-heat. Fibrous loam, peat, and sand. 

 T. argu'ta (acute). 4. Yellowish- white. March. China. 



1820. Greenhouse. 

 insi'gnis (remarkable). 10-20. White. May. Mexico. 



1847- 



,, nepale'nsis (Nepaulese). See T. POMIFERA. 

 occidenta'lis (western). 20-25. White. May. W. 



Ind. Stove. 

 pomi'fera (apple-bearing). 20-25. White. May. 



Trop. Asia. 1820. 



TURRZE'A. (Named after G. Turra, professor of 

 botany at Padua. Nat. ord. Meliads [Meliaceae]. Linn. 

 i6-Monadelpkia, 6-Decandria. Allied to Melia.) 



Stove evergreen trees. Cuttings of firm young shoots 

 in sand, under a bell-glass, in March, in a hotbed ; 

 fibrous, sandy loam and vegetable mould. Winter 

 temp., 55 to 60 ; summer, 60 to 85. 



T. heierophy'lla (various-leaved). 20. White. May. 



Sierra Leone. 1843. 



loba'ta (lobed-leaved) . See T. HETEROPHYLLA. 

 obtusifo'lia (blunt-leaved). 4-6. White. S. Africa. 



1872. 

 pinna' ta (leafleted). See MUNRONIA WALLICHII. 



TURRI'TIS ALPI'NA. See ARABIS HIRSUTA. 



TUSSA'CIA. (Commemorative of F. R. de Tussac, a 

 botanist. Nat. ord. Gesneraceae. Allied to Episcia.) 



Perennial stove herbs. Seeds ; cuttings in sand, in a 

 close frame, with bottom-heat. Loam and leaf-mould 

 in equal parts, with plenty of sand. 

 T. pulcheflla (pretty). i. Yellow. July, August. 



Panama. 1830. 



semiclau'sa (half- dosed), i. Yellow, crimson. Brazil. 

 1870. 



TUSSILA'GO. Coltsfoot. (From tussis, a cough ; used 

 to allay coughs. Nat. ord. Composites [Compositae], 

 Linn. \g-Syngenesia, 2-Superflua.) 



Hardy herbaceous perennials. Division of the roots, 

 which are mostly inclined to spread freely. The flowers 

 of many of the sorts, especially of fra'grans, are grateful 

 from their scent, and, if kept in pots, are interesting in a 

 greenhouse in the early months of the year; they 

 generally do best in a strong, loamy soil, moderately rich. 

 T. a'lba (white). See PETASITES ALBUS. 



,, alpi'na (alpine). See HOMOGYNE ALPINA. 



di'scolor (two-coloured). See HOMOGYNE DISCOLOR. 



,, Fa'rfarafo'liisvariega'tis (cow won- variegated- leaved). 

 i. Yellow. March. Britain. " Coltsfoot," " Far- 

 fara," or " Tussilago." 



, fra'grans (sweet-scented). See PETASITES FRAGRANS. 



, fri'gida (cold). See PETASITES FRIGIDUS. 



, Iceviga'ta (smooth). See PETASITES L/EVIGATUS. 



, ni'vea (snowy). See PETASITES NIVECS. 



, palma'ta (hand-leaved). See PETASITES PALMATUS. 



, purpu'rea (purple). Purple. July. Cape of Good 



Hope. 1825. 

 sagitta'ta(zirovt-!eaved). See PETASITES SAGITTATUS. 



TUTSAN. Hype'ricum Androsce' mum. 



TWEEDIA. (Named after Mr. T-d-eedie, a botanical 



collector. Nat. ord. Asclepiads [Asclepiadaceae], Linn. 



5-Pentandria, -z-Digynia. Now referred to Oxypetalum.) 



T. cceru'lea (blue). See OXYPETALUM C^RULEUM. 



floribu'nda (bundle-flowered). See OXYPETALUM 



SOLANOIDES. 



,, pube'scens (downy). See OXYPETALUM SOLANOIDES. 

 ro'sea (rosy). See OXYPETALUM SOLANOIDES. 

 ,, versi'color (changeable-coloured). See OXYPETALUM 

 C^ERULEUM. 



TWIN-FLOWER. Bravo' a geminiflo'ra. 



TWISTED STALK. Stre'ptopus. 



TYD^E'A. (Named after Tydeus, son of ^neus, an 

 ancient king. Nat. ord. Gesneraceee. Now referred to 

 Isoloma.) 



T. ama'bilis (lovely). See ISOLOMA AMABILE. 

 Cfci'lue (Cecilia's). See ISOLOMA CECILIA. 

 hybridana'na (dwarf hybrid). See ISOLOMA HYBRIDUM. 

 Li'ndeni (Linden's) and T. lindenia'na (Lindenian). 



See ISOLOMA LINDENI. 

 pi'cta (painted). See ISOLOMA PICTUM. 



TYLE BERRY. Ja'tropha multi'fida. 



TYLO'PHORA. (From tttlos, a swelling, and phoreo, 

 to bear, the swollen pollen masses. Nat. ord. Asclepiads 

 [Asclepiadaceae]. Linn. s-Pentandria, 2-Digynia.) 



Greenhouse evergreen twiners. Cuttings of either old 

 or young shoots in very sandy loam, and brick and old 

 lime-rubbish, in spring, though any time will do ; sandy 

 loam, lime-rubbish, and a little old, dried cow-dung. 

 Winter temp., 40 to 45, and dry ; summer, 60 to 85, 

 and moist. 

 T. asthma'tica (asthmatic). 4-5. Green. November. 



India ; Malaya. 1814. 



barba'ta (bearded). 10. July. Australia. 1822. 

 calcara'ta (spurred). 10. July. Australia. 1822. 

 exi'lis (slender). 10. Pale purple. July. India; 



Malaya. 1823. 

 grandiflo'ra, (large-flowered). 10. July. Australia. 



1822. 



micra'ntha (small-flowered). Timor. 

 ocula'ta (eyed). Purple. Sierra Leone. 1895. 



TYLOPHORtfPSIS. (From Tylophora, and apsis, re- 

 semblance ; because it resembles that genus. Nat. ord. 

 Asclepiadaceae.) 



Twining evergreen shrub. For culture, see TYLOPHORA. 

 T. yeme'nsis (Yemen). Flowers small, dull purple. 



Yemen, Arabia. 1894. 



TY'PHA. Reed Mace. (An old Greek name. Nat. 

 ord. Typhaceae.) 



Hardy perennial herbs, thriving best in shallow water 

 in ponds, tanks, lakes, and streams. Divisions in spring. 

 T. angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). 4. Brown. July. 



Europe (Britain). " Small Bullrush." 

 latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 3-6. Brown, July. 

 Europe (Britain). " Reedmace." 



