VIOLET, FRINGED 



902 



VITEX 



thick, and of a beautiful dark green, the flowers abundant 

 and large. No side-runners are to be allowed to run 

 until April, at which time they are to be encouraged to 

 grow ; and open, sandy, rich soil sifted amongst them, 

 and kept well watered, to encourage them to root freely. 

 A partially-shaded piece of good ground is then to be 

 chosen in the month of May, and the Violets then forked 

 up, old and young altogether, and the best of the young 

 plants selected and planted out a foot apart each way 

 singly. They are to be kept well surface-stirred all the 

 summer, and by the end of September they will be fine 

 plants to take up as above described. 



Russian Violets Single White, Double White, Double 

 Blue, and other hardy varieties grow in a similar way, 

 with regard to planting out the young runners and 

 summer treatment, and they are also to be carefully 

 taken up in September ; some placed in turf-pits, with 

 gentle bottom-heat, and some without bottom-heat, and 

 a quantity planted on sloping banks. By this simple 

 contrivance abundance of luxuriant flowers are kept in 

 succession from September till May. Every variety is 

 kept clear from side-shoots or runners all the summer. 

 All the varieties are particularly fond of charred articles 

 mixed with the soil. 



VIOLET, FRINGED. Thysano'tus. 



VIOLET FUNGI. The Sweet Violet (Viola odorata) 

 and others are liable to be attacked by several fungi. 

 One of the most destructive is Puccinia Viola, which 

 occurs on the Violet in spring in the ^Eciditim or cluster- 

 cup form. It may be recognised by its small yellow 

 cups thickly covering orange-coloured patches, and when 

 these cups burst, the orange-yellow spores escape. 

 Another named Urocystis Viola, enters the tissues of the 

 stems and leaves of various violets, causing them to 

 become distorted and stunted. The skin ultimately 

 bursts, allowing the dark-coloured spores to escape in 

 great quantity. Plants that get attacked should be 

 burned to destroy the spores, and prevent the diseases 

 from spreading. Violets that are forced are very liable 

 to be attacked by Phyllosticta Viola, which may usually 

 be recognised by bleached or colourless spots, which 

 run into one another, forming patches that are visible 

 on both surfaces of the leaves. If the attack is noticed 

 in good time it may be prevented from spreading by 

 spraying the plants with sulphide of potassium, one 

 ounce to three or four gallons of water. The plants 

 should also be grown in cold frames or outdoors for a 

 time till they regain their wonted health and vigour. 



VIOLET, MARSH. Vi'ola palu'stris. 



VIOLET, MERCURY'S. Campanula Me'dium. 



VIOLET, NEW HOLLAND. Vi'ola hedera'cea. 



VIOLET, SPURLESS. Vi'ola hedera'cea. 



VIOLET, SWEET. Vi'ola odor a' ia. 



VIOLET, TONGUE. Schweigge'ria. 



VIOLET, WATER. Hotto'nia palu'stris. 



VIOLET, WOOD. Vi'ola sylvefstris. 



VIPER GOURD. Trichosa'nthes angui'na. 



VIPER'S BUGLOSS. E'chium. 



VIPER'S GRASS. Scorzone'ra hispa'nica. 



VIRE'YA RETU'SA. See RHODODENDRON RETUSUM. 



VIRGINIA. (Named after Virgil, the Roman poet. 

 Nat. ord. Leguminous Plants [LeguminosEej. Linn. 10- 

 Decandria, i-Monogynia. Allied to Sophora.) 



Greenhouse, yellow-flowered evergreen, from South 

 Africa. Cuttings of half-ripened shoots in sand, under 

 a glass, in April ; sandy loam and fibrous peat. 

 V. au'rea (golden). See CALPURNIA AUREA. 

 cape'nsis (Cape). 2. Purple, white. July. 1767. 

 intru'sa (intruded). See CALPURNIA AUREA. 

 lu'tea (yellow). See CLADRASTIS TINCTORIA. 

 robinioi'des (Robinia-like). See CALPURNIA ROBINI- 



OIDES. 

 sylva'tica (wood). See CALPURNIA SYLVATICA. 



VffiGI'LIA HELIOI'DES, of L'Heritier. See GAILLAR- 



DIA PULCHELLA. 



VIRGINIAN COWSLIP. Merte'nsiapulmonarioi'des. 



VIRGINIAN CREEPER. Ampelo'psis quinquefo'lia, or 

 more correctly Vi'tis quinquefo'lia. 



VIRGINIAN DATE PALM. Diospy'ros Virginia' na. 

 VIRGINIAN POKE. Phytola'cca deca'ndra. 

 VIRGINIAN SILK. Peri'ploca grce'ca. 

 VIRGINIAN STOCK. Malco'miamari'tima. 

 VIRGIN'S BOWER. Cle'matisVita'lba. 

 VIRGIN TREE. Cinnamo'tnum Partheno'xylon. 

 VTROLA SEBI'FERA. See MYRISTICA SEBIFERA. 



VISCA'RIA. Rock Lychnis. (From viscus, bird-lime ; 

 the glutinous stems. Nat. ord. Cloveworts [Caryophyl- 

 laceae]. Linn. lo-Decandria, $-Decagynia. Now referred 

 to Lychnis.) 



V. a'lba (white). See LYCHNIS VISCARIA ALBA. 

 albifto'ra (white-flowered). See LYCHNIS VISCARIA 



ALBA. 



alpi'na (alpine). See LYCHNIS ALPINA. 

 Cce'li-ro'sa (rose-of- heaven). See LYCHNIS CCELI- 



ROSA. 

 grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). See LYCHNIS GRANDI- 



FLORA. 



helve'tica (Helvetian). See LYCHNIS ALPINA. 

 negle'cta (neglected). See LYCHNIS VISCARIA. 

 ocula'ta (eyed). See LYCHNIS CCELI-ROSA. 

 ca'ndida (white). See LYCHNIS VISCARIA ALBA. 

 sue'cica (Swedish). See LYCHNIS ALPINA. 

 vulga'ris (common). See LYCHNIS VISCARIA. 



VTSCUM. Mistletoe. (From viscus, bird-lime ; the 



berries contain a viscid matter like bird-lime. Nat. ord. 



Loranths [Loranthaceae]. Linn. zz-Dicecia, ^-Pentandria.) 



The Mistletoe thrives best on the thorn and the apple. 



The seed, in early spring, should be squeezed from the 



berries into crannies of the bark underneath a branch, 



or slits be made on purpose in the bark. 



V. a'lbum (white). 2. Green. May. Europe (England). 



crucia'tum (cross-like). Male flowers large. Berries 



red-brown. Spain; N.E. Africa: Syria. 1902. 



On the Olive. 



VTSMIA. (Named after M . Visme, a Lisbon merchant. 

 Nat. ord. Tutsans [Hypericaceas], Linn. i&-Polyadelphia, 

 2-Polyandria.) 



Stove, yellow-flowered evergreens. Cuttings of firmish 

 side-shoots in sand, in May, under a bell-glass, and placed 

 in bottom-heat ; sandy peat, fibrous loam, and a little 

 rough charcoal. Winter temp., 50 to 55 ; summer, 

 60 to 85. 

 V. brasilie'nsis (Brazilian. Wax-tree). 8. August. 



Brazil. 1824. 

 gla'bra (smooth). 10. Red. July. Trop. Amer. 



1824. 

 guiane'nsis (Guianan). 8. August. Guiana. 1824. 



" Wax Tree." 

 sessilifo'lia (stalkless-leaved). May. Guiana. 1826. 



VTSNEA. (Supposed to be commemorative of Visne, 

 a Portuguese merchant. Nat. ord. Ternstrcemiaceae.) 



Greenhouse evergreen tree. Cuttings in sand under a 

 bell-glass. Loam, peat, and sand. 

 V. Mocane'ra (Mocanera). White. March. Canaries 

 1815. 



VTTEX. Chaste-tree. (From vieo, to bind ; the 

 flexible branches. Nat. ord. Verbenas [Verbenace]. 

 Linn. i^-Didynamia, 2-Angiospermia.) 



Purple-flowered, except where otherwise stated. The 

 hardy by cuttings under a hand-glass, in a shady border, 

 in autumn, or in a sheltered place without the hand- 

 glass. The others require greenhouse and stove treat- 

 ment, and are easily propagated by cuttings under a 

 bell-glass ; the stove species in a little bottom-heat ; 

 sandy loam and a little peat. 



HARDY DECIDUOUS. 



V. A'gnus-ca'stus (chaste-lamb-tree). 6. White, blue. 



Sicily. 1570. 



latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 6. White, blue. Sep- 

 tember. Sicily. 1570. 



