WALNUT, BLACK 



907 



WATERING POTS 



WALNUT, BLACK. Ju'glans ni'gra. 

 WALSU'RA. (Changed or altered from Wallursi, the 

 native name for W. Piscidia. Nat. ord. Meliaceae.) 



Stove evergreen trees. Cuttings of firm wood in sand, 

 in a close frame, with bottom-heat. Loam, peat, and 

 sand. 

 W. Pisci'dia (fish-poison). 20. Dirty yellow. June. 



India. 1830. 

 robu'sta (robust). 20-25. White. June. Himalaya; 



Burma. 1827. 



WALUE'WA. (Commemorative of P. A. Walejew. 

 Nat. ord. Orchidacese. Allied to Gomeza.) 



Stove epiphytal Orchid. Divisions. Sphagnum, fibre 

 of peat, and crocks. 



W. pulche'lla (pretty). J. Yellowish, with purple band 

 on the petals. Brazil. 1890. 



WAMPEE TREE. Coo'kia. 



WANDERING JEW. Saxi'fraga sarmento'sa. 



WHANGHEE CANE. Phyllo' stachys ni'gra. 



WARATAH or WARATAH TREE. Telo'pea specio- 

 si'ssima. 



WARDIAN CASE. See GLASS CASE. 



WARPU'RIA. (Commemorative of Warpur, a col- 

 lector of plants. Nat. ord. Acanthaceae.) 



Stove, dwarf perennial herb. W. clandestine!, is the 

 type of a new genus. Cuttings in sand, in a close frame, 

 with bottom-heat. Loam, leaf-mould, and sand. 

 W. clandesti'na (hidden). -\. White. Leaves pale 

 green, with zigzag black band each side of the 

 midrib. Madagascar. 1908. 



WA'RREA. (Named after F. Warre, a botanical col- 

 lector. Nat. ord. Orchids [Orchidaceae]. Linn. 20- 

 Gynandria, i-Monandria. Allied to Grobya.) 



Stove orchids, grown in baskets. See ORCHIDS. 

 W. bidenta'ia (two-toothed-/t#>^). Purple, white. Sep- 

 tember. Colombia. 1843. 



ca'ndida (white). See ZYGOPETALUM CANDIDUM. 

 cya'nea (blue-lipped). See ACACALLIS CYANEA. 

 digita' ta (fingered). See ZYGOPETALUM WAILESIANUM. 

 di'scolor (two-coloured). See ZYGOPETALUM DISCOLOR. 

 hookeria'na (Hookerian). Reddish-purple, paler in 



centre. Peru. 1910. 

 margina'ta (margined). See ZYGOPETALUM MARGIN- 



ATUM. 

 quadra'ta (four-sided). See ZYGOPETALUM MARGIX- 



ATUM. 



rube'scens (reddish). Red. April. Brazil. 1838. 



iri' color ( three-coloured). 2. Yellow, purple. August. 

 Brazil. 1843. 



stapelioi'des (Stapelia-like). Yellow, barred with 

 brown. Colombia. 1873. 



wailesia'na (Wailesian). See ZYGOPETALUM WAILE- 

 SIANUM. 



WARSCEWICZE'LLA. (Diminutive of Warscewiczia. 

 Nat. ord. Orchidaceae. Now referred to Zygopetalum.) 

 W. aroma'tica (aromatic). See ZYGOPETALUM AROMA- 



TICUM. 



,, pi'cta (painted). See ZYGOPETALUM PICTUM. 

 Wendla'ndii di'scolor (Wendland's two-coloured). See 

 ZYGOPETALUM WEKDLANDII DISCOLOR. 



WARSZEWTCZIA. (Commemorative of the Russian 

 botanist, Warszewicz. Nat. ord. Rubiaceae.) 



Evergreen stove tree. Cuttings in sand, in a close 

 frame, with bottom-heat. Fibrous loam, peat, and sand. 

 W. cocci' nea (scarlet). Bright red. Trop. Amer. 



WARTED GOURD. Cucu'rbita Pe'po verruca' sa. 



WASHINGTO'NIA. (Commemorative of George Wash- 

 ington, the notable American patriot and statesman. 

 Nat. ord. Palmaceae.) 



Greenhouse Palms. Seeds. Fibrous loam, peat, and 

 sand. 



W. fili' f era (thread-bearing). 20-40. California. 1883. 

 robu'sta (robust). See W. FILIFERA. 

 ,, Sono'rte (Sonora's). California. 



WASHINGTO'NIA GIGANTE'A, of Carriere. See 

 SEQUOIA CIGANTEA. 



WATER. The best for the gardener's purpose is rain 

 water, preserved in tanks sunk in the earth, and rendered 

 tight either by puddling, or bricks covered with Parker's 

 cement. To keep these tanks replenished, gutters should 

 run round the eaves of every structure in the garden, 

 and communicate with them. Every hundred cubic 

 inches of rain water contains more than four cubic 

 inches of air, of which more than half are carbonic acid 

 gas, and the remainder nitrogen and oxygen, in the pro- 

 portion of sixty-two of the former to thirty-eight of the 

 last named. 



That obtained from ponds or springs invariably con- 

 tains matters offensive or deleterious to plants. That 

 known as hard water, containing an excess of salts of 

 lime or magnesia, is invariably prejudicial, and pond 

 water is scarcely less so. If it be stagnant, and loaded 

 with vegetable extract, it is even worse than hard spring 

 water ; for it then contains carburetted hydrogen, and 

 other matters noxious to vegetables. These last-named 

 waters, if obliged to be employed to tender plants, should 

 have a pint of the ammoniacal water of the gas-works, 

 mixed thoroughly with every sixty gallons, an hour or 

 two before they are used. 



WATER-CRESS. (Nastu'rtium officina'le.) Varieties. 

 Small Brown-leaved, hardiest ; Large Brown-leaved, 

 best for deep water ; Green-leaved, easiest cultivated. 



Planting in Water. The trenches in which they are 

 grown are so prepared, that, as nearly as possible, a 

 regular depth of 3 or 4 inches can be kept up. These 

 trenches are 3 yards broad, and 87 yards long, and 

 whenever one is to be planted the bottom is made quite 

 firm and slightly sloping, so that the water which flows 

 in at one end may run out at the other. If the bottom 

 of the trench is not sufficiently moist, a small body of 

 water is allowed to enter to soften it. The cresses are 

 then divided into small sets or cuttings, with roots 

 attached to them ; and these are placed at the distance 

 of 3 or 4 inches from each other. At the end of five or 

 six days a slight dressing of well-decomposed cow-dung 

 is spread over all the plants, and this is pressed down by 

 means of a heavy board, to which a long handle is 

 obliquely fixed. The water is then raised to the depth 

 of 2 or 3 inches, and never higher. Each trench is thus 

 replanted annually, and furnishes twelve crops during 

 the season. In the summer the cresses are gathered 

 every fifteen or twenty days, but less frequently during 

 winter ; care is taken that at each gathering at least a 

 third part of the bed is left untouched, so that neither 

 the roots may be exhausted, nor the succeeding gathering 

 delayed. After every cutting, a little decayed cow-dung, 

 in the proportion of two large barrowfuls to each trench, 

 is spread over the naked plants, and this is beaten down 



| by means of the rammer above mentioned. After the 

 water-cresses have been thus treated for a twelvemonth, 



j the manure forms a tolerably thick layer at the bottom 

 of the trench, and tends to raise its level. To restore it 



| to its original level, all the refuse should be thrown out 

 upon the borders which separate the trenches from each 



j other. These borders may be planted with artichokes, 

 cabbages, or cauliflowers. 



Planting in Borders. This must be done in September, 

 and in a moist, shady border. Plant slips, and the only 



| cultivation necessary is to dig the earth fine, to draw a 



' slight trench with a hoe, to fill this with water until it 

 becomes a mud, to cover it about an inch deep with 

 drift sand, and then to stick in the slips about 6 inches 

 apart, watering them until established. The sand keeps 

 the plants clean. They will be ready for gathering from 

 in a very few weeks, and the shoots should be invariably 

 cut, and not picked. They are not so mild-flavoured as 

 those grown in water, but then they are free from aquatic 

 insects, &c. 



WATERFALL. See CASCADE. 

 WATERING ENGINE. See ENGINE. 



WATERING POTS. These should have roses pierced 

 with very fine holes ; the diameter of those usually used 

 i is too large. Long-spouted watering-pots are required 

 j for watering plants in pots upon shelves. French water- 

 ing pots have zigzag bends in the spout, to break from 

 the plant the force of the water. Shelf watering-pots 

 are small and flat-bodied, for giving water to plants 

 overhead, and near the glass in greenhouses or stoves. 

 Mr. G. Thompson advocates a very superior type of 



