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the junction, should be promptly removed and monthly 

 handing carefully carried out. By the end of the season, 

 each original branch thus treated will have six fine healthy 

 ahoots which will bear crop the following year ; once these 

 are formed a further supply of old and useless wood from 

 the other portions of the tree may be removed and other 

 primaries subjected to similar treatment. In Handling 

 ani Pruning the following season care should be taken to 

 allow no new wood except that appearing on the selected 

 tertiaries, which are henceforth to be regarded as primaries. 

 In this manner in two seasons all useless wood may be re- 

 moved and the tree furnished with succulent foundation 

 wood upon which any amount of fine close jointed shoots 

 may be trained. If these new branches are well attended 

 to and carefully handled, the appearance of what has ema- 

 nated from each tine will be fanlike, and of course due 

 care must be taken to prevent over-crowding, and a gene- 

 ral routine of light pruning must be considered indis- 

 pensable. In a 3>-ear or so, the trees thus treated become 

 wide and expanded and the shoots emanating from 

 healthy eyes grow rapidly and in the proper direction, 

 and may easily be trained as desired. The communica- 

 tion between the stem and the bearing wood gradually 

 improves, and the junctions between the mutilated prima- 

 ries and the healthy arrangement which has been exten- 

 ded from them, is soon lost sight of; and when healthy 

 circulation has been established those portions which used 

 to be scaly and barkbound, rapidly become smooth and 

 dappled with green. Nothing tends to bring this desi- 

 rable change about, more than the careful paring away 

 of all spikes, and the constant removal of any moss, which 

 may appear. The endeavour of the Planter must be to 

 ease off the angles of what we may call an articulated 

 substitute for a straight primary. Nature will gradually 

 perform this operation ; but must be assisted, as our sub- 

 stitute for a regularly jointed primary may be compared 

 to a patched-up hose with water passing through it 



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