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at high pressure, leakage is sure to take place at first, 

 until every "kink" as it were is removed, flushes of 

 sprouts indicate the obstructions, and will certainly appear 



; until a sufficient leaf -surf ace has been established to uti- 

 lize the sap. Once the flow has been established in the 

 desired direction, structural alteration of the cellular pro- 

 cesses will gradually take place, and before long, all impedi- 

 ments are overcome, and a healthy circulation becomes 

 permanently established. Some Planters greatly object to 

 allow any wood but that of a secondary formation to 



: remain on a ; tree; but in old. Coffee under shade I have 

 seen the wood, of even the sixth and seventh formation, 

 bear an excellent crop. The plan I have advised con verts 

 a tertiary into a primary, the intermediate secondary being 

 only perhaps six inches long. Such an arrangement per- 

 mits the Planter to train several shoots at once which are 

 able to "carry the sap" without degenerating into Gor- 

 mandizers, which inevitably would be the case tinder any 

 other system. All who have seen the result of this plan 

 have acknowledged its benefits, and I unhesitatingly re- 



' commend it for trial where the condition of the trees from 

 neglect and heavy pruning warrant the experiment. Al- 

 though manure is decidedly necessary under such treatment, 

 such must not be of too forcing a kind, and should be ap- 

 plied . gradually. The Pickaxe should be freely used the 

 first season, , and ull weeds scrupulously kept down with 

 the hand. The stem of each tree should be well rubbed 

 and cleaned with a coir glove, and any vegetable rubbish 

 and debris in the line should be well distributed all over 

 the area occupied by the feeder 'roots. A full application 

 of manure is highly desirable after the leaf -surface has been 

 ; moderately extended. 



Whongie oil cake, wood ash, and 'cattle manure made 

 into a compost are to be highly recommended for such 

 purposes. Renovation pitting is also much to be advoca- 

 ted as an operation well calculated rapidly to reform or 

 improve the surface soil. 



