1835.] THE SETTLEMENT. 375 



large cacti, seemed to my fancy like some antediluvian animals. 

 The few dull-coloured birds cared no more for me, than they did 

 for the great tortoises. 



2'3rd. The Beagle proceeded to Charles Island. This archi- 

 pelago has long been frequented, first by the Bucaniers, and 

 latterly by whalers, but it is only within the last six years, that 

 a small colony has been established here. The inhabitants are 

 between two and three hundred in number : they are nearly all 

 people of colour, who have been banished for political crimes 

 from the Republic of the Equator, of which Quito is the capital. 

 The settlement is placed about four and a half miles inland, and 

 at a height probably of a thousand feet. In the first part of the 

 road we passed through leafless thickets, as in Chatham Island. 

 Higher up, the woods gradually became greener ; and as soon as 

 we crossed the ridge of the island, we were cooled by a fine 

 southerly breeze, and our sight refreshed by a green and thriving 

 vegetation. In this upper region coarse grasses and ferns 

 abound ; but there are no tree-ferns : I saw nowhere any member 

 of the Palm family, which is the more singular, as 360 miles 

 northward, Cocos Island takes its name from the number of 

 cocoa-nuts. The houses are irregularly scattered over a flat 

 space of ground, which is cultivated with sweet potatoes and 

 bananas. It will not easily be imagined how pleasant the sight 

 of black mud was to us, after having been so long accustomed to 

 the parched soil of Peru and northern Chile. The inhabitants, 

 although complaining of poverty, obtain, without much trouble, 

 the means of subsistence. In the woods there are many wild 

 pigs and goats ; but the staple article of animal food is supplied 

 by the tortoises. Their numbers have of course been greatly re- 

 duced in this island, but the people yet count on two days' hunt- 

 ing giving them food for the rest of the week. It is said that 

 formerly single vessels have taken away as many as seven hun- 

 dred, and that the ship's company of a frigate some years since 

 Drought down in one day two hundred tortoises to the beach. 



September 29th. We doubled the south-west extremity of 

 A.lbemarle Island, and the next day were nearly becalmed be- 

 tween it and Karborough Island. Both are covered with im 

 Tiense deluges of black naked lava, which have flowed either 

 ->ver the rims of the great caldrons, like pitch over the rim of a 

 25 



