AMAinU.I> Hi:i N.SVIGIA BRUN8DON N A . 



M 



:e properliv* uf liruntdunna tubergent, lirunsdonna 

 lanJenr alba, and Bruntdonna tandent indicate that 

 these hybrid:) are the offspring uf the same cro*- 



: ..il . r.'.vrjt; and (2) what are the induatimi- 

 uf the probable parentage of Amaryllis park en albaf 



larch of Urunsdonna tubergtn* has in compari- 

 son with the starch of B. tandem alba and B. sandera 

 rties thut are closely similar or identical 

 aiul others that are more or leaf markedly dissimilar, 

 tin- latter much predominating. The grains of the for- 



ire more irregular, and more slender and elongated; 

 the hila are leas distinct; the lamella; are more distinct, 



often coarse, and more often irregular; the grains 



are larger. In the polariacopic properties there are not 



any conspicuous differences except that the figures tend to 



lie more irregular. In the iodine reactions the coloration 



lv le-.-. In the aniline reactions with both 



.in violet and safranin the coloration is more 

 marked. In most of the foregoing instances the starch 

 of H. tubtrytni does not differ more from the starches 

 of li. undent alba and B. tandem than do the latter 

 from each other. In the temperatures of gelatinization 

 the figure for li. tubergeni is 64.76, or a difference 

 approximately of 7.5 leas than the temperatures of 



.irental starches, these being 72.7 and 71, re- 

 spectively. The temperatures for B. tandem alba and 

 U. tandem are 72.25 and 72.75, respectively. It will 

 be noted that while the temperature for the parental 

 ;es differ only 1.7, that of B. tubergeni differs 

 from tliat of the pollen parent (A. belladonna) 7.94, 

 and from that of the seed parent (B. josephina) 6.24 ; 

 and that the temperatures for B. tandem alba and B. 

 tandem and their parents differ very little, mostly within 

 the narow limits of error of experiment The very low 

 temperature for B. tubergeni on the one hand and the 

 marked closeness of all of the temperatures for B. tan- 

 alba and B. tandem and their parents on the 

 other indicate quite conclusively that B. tubergeni and 

 B. sandertr alba must have arisen from reciprocal crosses. 



conclusion is substantiated by the records (not- 

 withstanding their limitation) of the reactions with 

 chemical reagents. The reactions of all of the starches 

 with sulphuric acid occur with such rapidity that no 

 satisfactory differentiation is possible, but with both 

 potassium iodide and sodium hydroxide there are marked 

 and distinctly diagnostic differences. In reactions with 

 potassium iodide the starch of B. tubergeni exhibits a 

 somewhat higher reactivity than the starch of either 

 parent, while on the other hand the starches of B. tandem 

 alba and B. tandem show very much lower reactivities, 

 not nearly RO much of the latter being gelatinized at the 

 ; -I of an hour as there is in case of the B. tubergeni 

 and parental starches in 5 minutes. It is also to be 

 noted that during the progress of gelatinization the 



- of B. tandem alba and B. tandem tend to pursue 

 the same course, they being separated at and after the 

 .'>-mmut<* interval by about 10 points. In the sodium 

 hydroxide reactions similar results are recorded, the 

 reactivity of the starch of B. tubergeni being very high 

 and closely corresponding to the reactivities of the 

 parental starches, but slightly higher than either, while 

 activities of the starches of B. tandem alba and 

 B. tandem are both moderate, the reactivity of the former 

 being distinctly lower than that of the latter. 



There were u this research three groups of 



parental and hybrid starchea in each of which we: 

 iluded two hybrid* of the same cross, and it is of . 

 eat to note to what degrees in general the members of each 

 pair compare with each other and with their p.. 

 and how these peculiarities compare with those of the 

 Hrunadonua* hybrids and their parents. Examining first 

 the temperatures of gelatinization and taking up the 

 Ntrint cntpa-eleaant-dttinty maid-queen of rottt K 

 (page 165) it will be seen thut the temperature oi ti 

 brids differ only 1.3 and that they are intermediate 

 between the parental temperatures, which Utter (Infer 

 5.2 ; in the Nerine bowdeni-tornientu var. corusca 

 major-gianteu-abundance group the temperatures of the 

 hybrids differ 3.35 and both are lower than either of the 

 parental temperatures, these differing 3.9 ; and in the 

 Xarcissut poetieut-poeticut poetarum-poeticut kemck- 

 poeticut dante group the temperatures of the hybrids 

 differ 2, that of one being intermediate between the 

 parental temperatures and the other practically the same 

 as that of the seed parent, while the parental tempera- 

 tures differ 5.5, that of the seed parent being the higher. 

 The temperatures of each of these pairs of hybrids keep 

 close together and close to the temperatures of the 

 parents, as in the case of Bruntdonna tandem alba and 

 li. tandem, with wider variations in the former than in 

 the latter, but there is no suggestion of a wide departure, 

 such as is found in B. tuberyrni, this latter indicating 

 cither difference in parentage or in the direction of the 

 cross from that of the other Jtruntdonna. 



In the reactions of the members of these groups with 

 potassium iodide and sodium hydroxide corresponding 

 characteristics have been recorded, that is, that the two 

 starches of each group show close reaction-intensities. 

 In the potassium iodide reactions of the Nerine critpa- 

 elegane-dainly maid-queen of rotet group, those of the 

 hybrids are very much alike and, on the whole, inter- 

 mediate between those of the parents; and in the Nerine 

 boicdeni-sarnientit var. corutca major-giantett-abundance 

 group, while those of the hybrids are low and differ dis- 

 tinctly, at least one and probably both tend to interme- 

 diateneas, and one takes more after the seed parent and 

 the other more after the pollen parent In the sodium- 

 hydroxide reactions, in the first group those of the hy- 

 brids are not only very close but also close to those of 

 the parents ; and in the second group those of the hybrids 

 are very close and lower than those of the parents. It 

 will be aeen that in the reactions of each of the several 

 pairs of hybrids there are no such departures of the 

 reactions of each of the couples as are observed in the 

 case of Brunsdonna tubergeni compared with B. tandem 

 alba and B. tandem. From the description of B. tuber- 

 geni this hybrid is more closely related in its proper! ie* 

 to Bruntrigia jotephina than to Amaryllis belladonna. 

 while the data of B. tandem alba and B. tandem indi- 

 cate that, on the whole, both of these hybrids show a 

 closer relationship to A. belladonna than to B. jottpk- 

 ina in other words, in each case the hybrid is more 

 closely related to the seed parent 



These data also give a cine as to the probable origin 

 of Amaryllu parkeri alba. The starch of this plant 

 throughout the histologic and polariacopic properties 

 and the iodine and aniline reactions, with rare exceptions, 

 exhibits a much closer relationship to Bruntdonna tan- 



