H.fMAMMt .- 



47 



or ! ' it of parental extremes is more common than 

 interim-diatom's*, for in ;'l reactions the hybrids were 

 higher than those of either parent and in ! lower than 

 those of either parent. In rase of all three hybrids the 

 seed parent sevma to be the more potent in influencing 

 .laracters of the starch, this potency U-mg the most 

 marked in //. ossultan-pyrrha and least marked in //. 



.'MPAKI80X8 OP THE STARCHES OF HjKMAM III - 



KMiiMil- '. II MA. .Ml li I .-. AM) H. A.fDBOMEDA. 



In hi.-tologic rhanu-U-nstic*. in polariacopic figure*. 

 in the reactions with aelenite, in the reactions with 

 indmc, aiul in the qualitative reactions with the various 



.-a! reagents it will be noted that the parent starches 



,!\ r\!i:i-ii pp>|MTtie.* in common in variable de- 



gree* of development, but also individualities which col- 



ti> distinguish them. 



The starch grains of llcrmanthiu magnifies* contain 

 proportionately a larger number of aggregate*; there 

 are compound grains that are not found in //. kaiherina; 

 and the grains tend to more irregularity, to more breadth 

 in relation to length, and to rounded end*. The hilum 

 is m .-t and more frequently fissured, bnt the 



eccentricity is about the same; the lamella are leas 

 and the size is larger, with a tendency to 

 I'p'adiuHs. In polariscopic figure and reactions with 

 yelenite there are variou* differences. The grains of the 

 hybrid //. andromeda are in form in general closer 



sc of //. Tcatherina, and in certain respects closer 

 t> those of the other parent. They are more irregular 

 than those of either parent, and there are compound 

 grains like those found in //. maynificvs, but they are 

 leas numerous. In the character of the hilum and in size 



are closer to those of //. katherintr. but in lamella- 



does not appear to be a definite leaning toward one 

 or the other parent. In the polariscopic figure and 

 appearances with wlenite the grains are closer t<> // 



-I/IT, and the same is true in regard to their quali- 

 tative behavior with iodine. In the qualitative reac- 



with i Moral hydrate, nitric acid, potassium iodide, 

 potassium sulphocyanate, and sodium salicylate t In- 

 grains show a close relationship to those of //. kaiherina. 



t in the case of a few grains in each reaction which 

 show a corresponding relationship to //. maynifiriu. On 

 the whole, the relationship is very close to //. katherinir. 



<*tmt,tir, Krpmtrd by l.igkt, Color, and Tempera- 



tun Reaction*. 

 Polarisation: 



H kathrrina. high to very high. ratae 76. 



H. macnifirtu. vrry hib. much hiber than H. kathrrin*. ralur BO. 



H. andromeda. hicfa to very hih. higher than H. katherin*. 



rahMtt. 

 Iodine: 



II katherin*. moderate to licht. value 45. 



II macniftooe, moderate, ihepar than H. kattwrin*. value 60. 



H andromeda. moderate to deep, a litUe deeper than H. katberinr. 



ralue47. 

 Gentian violet: 



H kathrnn*. moderate to deep, ralue 00. 



H. macnifirua. moderate to deep: not to deep aa H. katherinv. 



varae 66. 

 H. andromeda. moderate to deep. etihUy lighter than H katherin*. 



valoeBS, 

 Salranin: 



fl. kathrhtut. moderate to deep, ralue 00. 



H. macnificua. moderate todeep. the euneaaH.katheriiuB, ralue 60. 



II andromeda. moderate to deep, lifhter than in the parent-etoek. 



ralue 58, 

 Trmperaturr 



H Vth.rin. majority at TO to 81*. all at 83 to 84*. mean 83*. 

 H. manmm, majority at 77 to 77.8*. all at 78 to 70*. mean 784*. 

 H andromeda, majority at 76.6 to 80*. all at 81 to 83*. mean 81.4*. 



The reactivities of H. kaiherina are lower than 

 those of //. magnifirus in the reactions with polarization, 



xxliiie. and temperature; higher with gentian violet; and 

 the same with saf ranin. The reactivities of the hybrid 

 are intermediate in the reaction* with polarizatioi 

 line, gentian violet, and temperature; and lower than 

 those of the parent* with safranin. With the excep- 

 tion of the last and the temperature reaction the rela- 

 tionship of the hybrid is practically exactly mid-inter- 

 mediate, and in the temperature reaction it is closer to 

 //. katherinir. 



Table A 5 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- 

 age* of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals 

 (minutes) : 



ViLOcmr-tiACTiON CPITM. 



This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves 

 of the starches of Utrmanthwt katherimr. //. mngnifictu, 

 and //. andromeda, showing Uie quantitative differences 

 in the behavior toward different reagent* at definite time- 

 intervals. (Chart D 85 to D 105.) 



The most conspicuous features of these charts are : 



(1) The individualities of each chart in relation to 

 the reagent, except in the cases where the reactions arc 

 so slow and the figures so dose as to be within the limiU 

 of error. In the charts in which the reactions are other- 

 wise than very slow the three curves vary in their close- 

 ness to one another within wide limits. Thus, in the 

 reactions with chromic acid and sulphuric acid all three 

 curves keep close together throughout the 60 minutes, 

 but the chart* are readily distinguishable from each 

 other, especially at the 15- and 30-minute periods, at 

 which times the curves are much higher in the sulphuric- 

 acid chart. The curves for chloral hydrate, nitric scid, 

 and hydrochloric acid show a tendency during the prog- 

 ress of the reactions to divergence, in all three charts 

 the curves of the hybrid being intermediate, but in two 

 closer to the curve of //. katherimr. The chart for 

 sodium salicylate stands isolated, owing especially t 

 the relatively high reactivities of the hybrid and //. 

 katherirur during the first 5 minutes. In all of the 

 charts in which the three curves are sufficiently separated 

 to make satisfactory determinations, the curve of the 

 hybrid, with the exception of a few instances, tends defi- 

 nitely to intermediateneaa. 



(2) The curves of //. mayniftciu in the reactions 

 with chloral hydrate, pymgallic acid, chromic acid, po- 

 tassium hydroxide, potassium *ulphocvanate, sodium 

 salicylate, and sodium hydroxide, in all of which the 

 reactivities are sufficiently marked to bring out positive 

 differences in reactive-intensities, are the highest except- 

 ing in two cases (chloral hydrate and sodium salicylate), 

 in both of which the curves of //. katherina are the high- 

 est a curious reversal of position. In all of the charts 

 in which positive differences have been brought out, the 

 curve of the hybrid tends to be closer to that of 77. kalh- 

 frinrr irrespective of the position of the latter in relation 

 to the curve of H. magnifictu. 



(3) The curves of the hybrid, except in the reactions 

 in which all three curves are essentially the same, tend to 

 he the same as those of the seed parent or of some degree 

 t>f in termed iatenem. In the latter group there is an 

 obvious tendency to mid-intermediateness or to the aeed 

 parent 



REACTIOK-II 



!C8rrm OF TTIK HTMUU. 



The following section treats of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties of the hvhrid as regards sameness, intermeHiatenesja, 

 excess, and deficit in relation to the parent*. (Table A 5 

 and Charts D 85 to D 105.) 



The reactivities of the hybrid are the' same a* than 

 of the seed parent in the pyrogallic acid, potassium 

 iodide, potassium ulphocvanate, sodium hydroxide, so- 

 dium Milphide. calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, and 



