48 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. 



strontium nitrate ; the same as those of the pollen parent 

 in none; the same as those of both parents in the reac- 

 tions with potassium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, copper 

 nitrate, cupric chloride, barium, chloride, and mercuric 

 chloride; intermediate with polarization, iodine, gentian 

 violet, temperature, chloral hydrate, chromic acid, nitric 

 acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydrox- 

 ide, and sodium salicylate (in four being closer to the 

 seed parent, and in seven mid-intermediate) ; highest in 

 none ; and the lowest with saf ranin, in which it is as close 

 to one as to the other parent. 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties : Same as seed parent, 8 ; same as pollen parent, ; 

 same as both parents, 6; intermediate, 11; highest, 0; 

 lowest, 1. 



The stronger influences of the seed parent on the 

 properties of the starch of the hybrid are very marked. 

 Intermediateness is quite common. In no reaction is 

 there sameness in relation to the pollen parent or the 

 highest reactivity of the three starches, and in only one 

 reaction is the hybrid the lowest 



COMPOSITE-CURVES OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. 



This section deals with the composite-curves of the 

 reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the 

 starches of Hcemanthus katherince, II. magnificus, and 

 H. andromeda. (Chart E 5.) 



The most conspicuous features of the chart may be 

 summed up as follows: 



(1) The moderate to very low, generally very low, 

 positions of the curves with few exceptions, the only 

 important members of the latter group being the polar- 

 ization and sodium-salicylate reactions, thus showing 

 that these starches exhibit generally a high to very high 

 resistance. 



(2) The contiguity of all three curves throughout 

 the chart and the unity of type of curve, indicating a 

 close botanical relationship of the parents and no ten- 

 dency for departure of hybrid characteristics from those 

 of the parents. 



(3) The highest position of the curve of H. mag- 

 nificus throughout the chart, excepting in the reactions 

 with gentian violet, safranin, chloral hydrate, chromic 

 acid, and sodium salicylate in the safranin and chromic 

 acid the curves are the same or practically the same as 

 those of H. katherince, and with chloral hydrate and 

 sodium salicylate distinctly lower, they being the lowest 

 of all three curves. The inversion of the positions of the 

 H. magnificus and H. kaiherince curves in the gentian 

 violet, chloral hydrate, and sodium salicylate reactions 

 is most interesting and significant. 



(4) In the curve of H. katherince the very high 

 reaction with sodium salicylate; the high with polari- 

 zation, gentian violet, and safranin; the moderate with 

 iodine, chromic acid, and sulphuric acid ; the low with 

 chloral hydrate; the very low with temperature, pyro- 

 gallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hy- 

 droxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, po- 

 tassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 

 calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, 

 copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and 

 mercuric chloride. 



(5) In the curve of H. magnificus the very high 

 polarization reaction; the high reactions with safranin, 

 sulphuric acid, and sodium salicylate ; the moderate with 

 iodine, gentian violet, and chromic acid ; the low with 

 temperature, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, and hydro- 

 chloric acid ; the very low with chloral hydrate, potassium 

 hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, 

 potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 



calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, co- 

 balt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium 

 chloride, and mercuric chloride. 



(6) In the curve of the hybrid H. andromeda, the 

 very high reactions with polarization and sodium sali- 

 cylate ; the absence of high reactions ; the moderate with 

 iodine, gentian violet, safranin, chromic acid, and sul- 

 phuric acid, the low with temperature ; and the very low 

 with chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, hydro- 

 chloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, po- 

 tassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hy- 

 droxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium 

 nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, 

 cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. 

 The following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: 



6. COMPARISONS OF THE STARCHES OF HJEMANTIIUS 

 KATHERIN;E, H. PUNICETJS, AND H. KONIG ALBERT. 



In histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, in 

 the reactions with selenite and with iodine, and in the 

 qualitative reactions with the various chemical reagents 

 it will be noted that the parents exhibit properties in 

 common in varying degrees of development and indi- 

 vidualities by which collectively they can be differen- 

 tiated. The most conspicuous differences in the starch 

 of H. puniceus in comparison with that of Hcemanthus 

 katherince are to be seen in the well-marked depressions 

 (sometimes slightly concave) which are not present in 

 the latter starch, less frequent rounded protuberances, 

 less frequent secondary lamella;, peculiar arrangements 

 of the components of aggregates, and much more flatten- 

 ing of the grains. The hilum is more often demonstrable 

 and is, on the whole, less eccentric ; the primary lamellae 

 vary somewhat in general characters from those of H. 

 katherince, and they are somewhat more numerous, but 

 secondary lamella? are less numerous ; and while the sizes 

 are much alike there is a manifest tendency for a rela- 

 tively greater breadth in proportion to length. In polari- 

 scopic figure, selenite reactions, and qualitative reac- 

 tions with iodine there are some minor differences. In 

 the qualitative reactions with the chemical reagents 

 there are similarities and individualities. The starch of 

 the hybrid H. kbnig albert, is in form, character, and 

 eccentricity of the hilum, lamellae, and size more closely 

 related to 77. puniceus than to the other parent. In the 

 polariscopic figures and reactions with selenite it is 

 closer to H. puniceus, but in both qualitative and quan- 

 titative reactions with iodine it is closer to //. kathcrimr. 

 In the qualitative chemical reactions with chloral hy- 

 drate, nitric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulpho- 

 cyanate, potassium sulphide, and sodium salicylate it is 

 closer, generally much closer, to //. katherince. 



Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- 

 ture Reactions. 

 Polarization : 



H. katherinte, high to very high, value 75. 



H. puniceus, high to very high, slightly higher than H. kntherinai, 



value 78. 



H. konig albert, high to very high, slightly higher thnn H. puni- 

 ceus, value 80. 

 Iodine: 



H. katherinre, moderate to light, value 45. 



H. puniceus, moderate to light, lighter than in H. katherinffi, 



value 40. 



H. kdnig albert, moderate to light, not BO deep as in H. katherinse, 

 but deeper than in H. puniceus, value 43. 



