54 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. 



hybrid are noted especially in the reactions with potas- 

 sium iodide, potassium sulphide, and sodium sulphide. 



Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- 

 ture Reactions. 

 Polarization: 



C. zeylanicum, very high, value 93. 



C. longifolium, high to very high, much lower than C. zeylanicum, 



value 83. 



C. kircape, high, slightly higher than C. zeylanicum, value 95. 

 Iodine: 



C. zeylanicum, light to moderate, value 35. 



C. longifolium, light to moderate, deeper than C. zeylanicum, 



value 40. 

 C. kircape, light to moderate, slightly lighter than C. longifolium- 



value 38. 

 Gentian violet: 



C. zeylanicum, moderately deep to deep, value 67. 

 C. longifolium, moderate, lighter than C. zeylanicum, value CO. 

 C. kircape, moderate, the same as C. longifolium, value 60. 

 Saf ranin : 



C. zeylanicum, moderately deep to deep, value 67. 



C. longifolium, moderate, lighter than C. zeylanicum, value 60. 



C. kircape, moderately deep to deep, deeper than either parent, 



value 70. 

 Temperature: 



C. zeylanicum, majority at 77 to 78, all but rare grains at 79 to 80, 



mean 79.5. 



C. longifolium, majority at 70 to 71, all at 74 to 75, mean 74.5. 

 C. kircape, majority at 75 to 76, all but rare grains at 77 to 79, 

 mean 78. 



The reactivities of C. zeylanicum are higher than 

 those of C, longifolium in the polarization, gentian-violet, 

 and saf ranin reactions, and lower in the iodine and tem- 

 perature reactions. 



Interesting differences are noted in these reactions 

 in the relations between those of the hybrid to one or the 

 other parent. In the polarization and saf'ranin reactions 

 the hybrid reactions are higher than those of either 

 parent, in both instances being nearer those of C. zey- 

 lanicum, the seed parent; in the iodine reaction it stands 

 intermediate, but somewhat closer to C. longifolium; 

 while in the gentian-violet reaction it is lower than in 

 C. zeylanicum and the same as in G. longifolium. The 

 temperature reaction is intermediate, yet distinctly closer 

 to that of C. zeylanicum, the mean being 1.5 lower than 

 in C. zeylanicum and 3.5 higher than in C. longifolium. 

 The reactions, on the whole, are closer to C. zeylanicum. 



Table A 8 shows the reaction intensities in percent- 

 ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (min- 

 utes). 



VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. 



This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of 

 the starches of Crinum zeylanicum, C. longifolium, and 

 C. kircape, showing the qualitative differences in the 

 behavior toward different reagents at definite time-inter- 

 vals. ( Charts D 1 48 to D 168.) 



The most striking features of this group of curves are : 

 (1) The immediate and relatively very marked 

 reactivity of Crinum longifolium with all of the reag- 

 ents excepting barium chloride. With 7 of the 21 reag- 

 ents, 90 per cent or over of the total starch was gelatinized 

 in 5 minutes; with 3 reagents, 60 per cent or over; the 

 lowest percentage being 34; the average gelatinizatiou for 

 all of the reagents, excepting barium chloride, being 

 nearly 70 per cent in 5 minutes, as compared with 

 usually an average of 0.5 to 3 per cent in case of C. zey- 

 lanicum and the hybrid. With the latter, in only the 

 reactions with pyrogallic acid, sulphuric acid, and hy- 

 drochloric acid was there any marked effect during this 

 time-interval, these reactions in case of the hybrid rang- 

 ing from 33 to 40 per cent, while with C. zeylanicum 

 with the same reagents there was a gelatinization of 

 4 per cent or less, thus showing a remarkable approach 

 in the properties of the starch in relation to these three 

 reagents to the properties of C. longifolium. In the 



