72 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. 



(4) In N. poeticus poetarum the very high reaction 

 with sulphuric acid; the absence of any high reaction; 

 the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, safraniu, 

 temperature, and pyrogallic acid ; the low reactions with 

 gentian violet, chromic acid, and nitric acid ; and the very 

 low reaction with chloral hydrate. 



(5) In the hybrid N. poeticus herrick the very high 

 reactions with sulphuric acid; the absence of any high 

 reaction; the moderate reactions with polarization, 

 iodine, safranin, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid; the low 

 reactions with gentian violet, temperature, and nitric 

 acid; and the very low reaction with chloral hydrate. 



(6) In the hybrid N. poeticus dante the very high 

 sulphuric-acid reaction ; the absence of any high reaction ; 

 the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, safra- 

 nin, chromic acid, and pyrogallic acid; the low reactions 

 with gentian violet, temperature, and nitric acid; and 

 the very low reaction with chloral hydrate. 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties ( 10 reactions) : 



14. COMPARISONS OF THE SlABCHES OF NARCISSUS 

 TA2ETTA GEAND MONABQUE, N. POETICUS OB- 

 NATUS, AND N. POETAZ TBIUMPH. 



In histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, 

 reactions with selenite, reactions with iodine, and qualita- 

 tive reactions with the various chemical reagents it will 

 be noted that the starches of the parents and hybrid 

 exhibit not only properties in common in varying degrees 

 of development but also occasional individualities which 

 collectively are in each case distinctive. In histologic 

 properties the starches of the parents differ in well- 

 defined respects. In the polariscopic figures and reac- 

 tions with selenite there are no important differences. 

 In the qualitative reactions with iodine, the raw grains 

 of Narcissus tazetta grand monarque are colored less in 

 comparison with those of the other parent, while after 

 heating in water fewer grains are moderately colored 

 and the solution is more deeply colored. In the quali- 

 tative reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyro- 

 gallic acid, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid, there are in 

 each case similarities and certain definite differences. The 

 starch of the hybrid in comparison with the starches of 

 the parents shows more irregularities in form than in 

 either parent, and it is, on the whole, more closely related 

 to N. tazetta grand monarque than to the other parent. 

 In the character of the lamellae, and in the size and pro- 

 portions of different kinds of grains, the relationship is 

 closer to N. tazetta grand monarque; in character of the 

 hilum it is closer to the other parent, and in the eccen- 

 tricity of the hilum it is the same as the parents. In the 

 polariscopic figures, appearances with selenite, and iodine 

 reactions it is closer to 2V. poeticus ornaius. In the quali- 

 tative reactions with the chemical reagent it is in all 

 closer, on the whole, to N. tazetta grand monarque. 



Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- 

 ture Reactions. 

 Polarisation: 



N. tai. grand rnon., low to very high, value 60. 

 N. poet, ornatue, low to very high, same as N. tazetta grand mon- 

 arque, value 50. 

 N. ] .in-tin triumph, low to very high, tame I\H both parents, value 60. 



Iodine: 



N. taz. grand mon., light to moderate, value 45. 



N. poet, ornatus, light to moderate, less than N. tazetta grand 



monarque, value 40. 

 N. poetaz triumph, light to moderate, the same as N. poeticus 



ornatus, value 40. 

 Gentian violet: 



N. taz. grand mon., light to moderate, value 40. 



N. poet, ornatua, light to moderate, less than N. tazetta grand 



monarque, value 35. 

 N. poetaz triumph, light to moderate, the same as N. tazetta grand 



monarque, value 40. 

 Safranin: 



N. taz. grand mon., moderate, value 45. 



N. poet, ornatus, moderate, the same as N. tazetta grand monarque, 



value 45. 

 N. poetaz triumph, light to moderate, less than in either parent, 



value 40. 

 Temperature: 



N. taz. grand mon., in majority at 73 to 75, in all at 76 to 77, 



mean 76.6. 

 N. poet, ornatus, in majority at 73 to 74, in all at 77 to 78, mean 



77.5. 

 N. poetaz triumph, in majority at 73 to 75, in all at 76 to 77, 



mean 76.5. 



The reactivity of N. tazetta grand monarque is the 

 same or practically the same as that of the other parent 

 in the polarization and saf ranin reactions ; higher in the 

 temperature reaction, and lower in the iodine and gen- 

 tian-violet reactions. The reactivity of the hybrid is the 

 same or practically the same as those of both parents 

 in the polarization reaction ; the same or practically the 

 same as the reactivity of N. tazetta grand monarque in 

 the gentian-violet and temperature reactions; the same 

 or practically the same as that of the other parent in 

 the iodine reaction; and the lowest of the three in the 

 safranin reaction. In none of the five reactions is there 

 intermediateness. In some respects the hybrid is closer 

 to one parent and in other respects to the other. 



Table A 14 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- 

 ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals 

 minutes). 



VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. 



This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of 

 the starches of Narcissus tazetta grand monarque, N. 

 poeticus ornatus, and N. poetaz triumph, showing quan- 

 titative differences in the behavior toward different reag- 

 ents at definite time- intervals. (Charts D 265 to D 286.) 



The most conspicuous features of this group of curves 

 are: 



(1) The closeness generally of all three curves in 

 all of the reactions, with a tendency throughout, with the 

 exception of that with sulphuric acid, to a moderate to 

 low or very low reaction value. The curves of two or all 

 three starches, excepting the reactions with the sulphuric 

 acid, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chlo- 

 ride, are satisfactorily separated, commonly well sepa- 

 rated, for differentiation in reactivities. In the reactions 

 with pyrogallic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hy- 

 droxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, 

 potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 

 sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cop- 

 per nitrate, and cupric chloride two of the curves tend 

 to closeness and separation from the third, which two 

 may be the curve of the hybrid and that of one or the 

 other parent, or the curves of the parents. In some of the 

 reactions the three curves do not closely correspond in 

 course, as in the reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic 

 acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, potassium iodide, ura- 

 nium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and strontium nitrate; the 

 departure of one from the course of the others may be in 

 the curve of the hybrid or either parent, more often in the 

 curve of N. tazetta grand monarque. 



(2) The lower reactivity of N. tazetta grand mon- 

 arque than of the other parent in the reactions with 



