102 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. 



closer to those of the seed parent, and in seven being as 

 close to one; &s to 'the other parent). The following 

 is' a' summary 'of th'e reaction-intensities: Same as seed 

 parent, j?-j.8aiae as pollen parent, 1 ; same as both parents, 

 :ii 'Jtiternte'dif.te; ft ;. highest, 0; lowest, 16. 



The seed parent has according to these data to a far 

 greater degree than the other parent influenced the prop- 

 erties of the starch of the hybrid. The tendency to low- 

 est reactivity of the hybrid is even more conspicuous 

 than the leanings to the seed parent. Intermediatenesa 

 is fairly well marked. 



COMPOSITE CURVES OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. 



This section treats of the composite curves of the 

 reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the 

 starches of Lilium pardalinum, L. parryi, and L. bur- 

 banki. ( Chart E 29.) 



The most conspicuous features of this chart are : 



(1) The generally very close correspondence of all 

 three curves, the most noticeable variations in the case 

 of the parents being in the reactions with gentian violet 

 and aafranin; and of the hybrid with chromic acid, 

 pyrogallic acid, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mer- 

 curic chloride. There is no satisfactory differentiation 

 of the three starches in the reactions with nitric acid, 

 sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, 

 potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium 

 sulphide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium sulphide ; there 

 is no differentiation of the parents in the copper-nitrate 

 reaction, and not a very marked differentiation in those 

 with calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, 

 cobalt nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mer- 

 curic chloride. The hybrid curve tends to be somewhat 

 erratic, and inclining to keep low and even below the 

 parental curves, this being especially noticeable in the 

 reactions with temperature, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, 

 uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric 

 chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. With 

 weaker reagents where the reactions occur with great 

 rapidity, as in the nine reactions from nitric acid on to 

 sodium sulphide, inclusive, this tendency would doubtless 

 be made even more conspicuous. On the whole, the hy- 

 brid curve is much more closely related to the curve of 

 L. pardalinum than to that of L. parryi. 



(2) In L. pardalinum, in comparison with the other 

 parent, the higher reactions with polarization, gentian 

 violet, and saf ranin ; the lower with iodine, temperature, 

 chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, sodium 

 aalicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium 

 nitrate, cobalt nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, 

 and mercuric chloride; and the same or practically the 

 same reactions as those of the other parent with nitric 

 acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hy- 

 droxide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, 

 sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and copper nitrate. 



(3) In L. pardalinum the very high reactions with 

 chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, 

 hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, 

 potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium 

 hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium 

 nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt ni- 

 trate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, 

 and mercuric chloride; the high reactions with gentian 



violet, safranin, temperature, and chloral hydrate; the 

 moderate reactions with polarization and iodine. 



(4) In L. parryi the very high reactions with tem- 

 perature, chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, 

 nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium 

 hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, 

 potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 

 sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, 

 strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric 

 chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride, reac- 

 tions ; the absence of a high reaction ; the moderate reac- 

 tions with polarization, iodine, and gentian violet; and 

 the low reaction with safranin. 



(5) In the hybrid the very high reactions with nitric 

 acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hy- 

 droxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, po- 

 tassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 

 sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, 

 copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride; 

 the high reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, 

 cobalt nitrate, and barium chloride; the moderate reac- 

 tions with polarization, gentian violet, safranin, and tem- 

 perature ; and the low reactions with iodine and pyrogallic 

 acid. 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties: 



NOTES ON THE LILIES. 



The starches of the various species of lilies belong 

 to the quick-reacting group and they are universally so 

 rapidly gelatinized by nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydro- 

 chloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, po- 

 tassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium 

 hydroxide, and sodium sulphide that satisfactory differ- 

 entiation is not possible, excepting with reagents of 

 different concentration from those used in this research. 

 Even with most of the other chemical reagents, they often 

 react so rapidly that convincing differential data are not 

 obtainable with the concentrations employed. The only 

 reagents in the concentrations used that are really useful 

 are chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, sodium 

 salicylate, cobalt nitrate, and barium chloride. But in 

 the reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, 

 safranin, and temperature conclusive data were usually 

 recorded. 



The hybrids tend in each ease to be more closely 

 related in the sum total of their characters to one or the 

 other parent, and with far less inclination to interme- 

 diateness than to identical development or to excessive 

 or deficient development beyond parental extremes. The 

 tendency to exceed parental extremes is particularly well 

 marked in the curve of L. burbanki, where there is 

 shown a very distinct inclination to be below the lower of 

 the parental curves. In the first and fourth groups, the 

 hybrids are more closely related on the whole to the 

 pollen parents; and in the second, third, and fifth groups 

 to the seed parents. The general relationship of the 



