DIOLU8. 



115 



ti rrn. !-.!( in the |>larmition, gentian wolet, and U-mp- 

 eraturv jvm-tions ; lowest HI tin- iodine reaction ; ami the 

 Mine u that f <!. carilinnlitt but higher than that of 



f./it in tin' siifranin rein-lion. The hybrid is on the 

 whole distinctly closer to 0. cardinalis than to (). tri.iti*. 



TaM. \ -iwg the reaction-intensities in percent 



ages of total Htarch gelatinized at definite interval! 

 (minutes). 



VELOCITY-REACTION CURTIS. 



This section treat* of the velocity-fraction curve* of 

 the starches of Gladiolus cardinalis, 0. intiit, and 0. 

 roli-illfi, showing the quantitative difference* in the be- 

 havior toward different reagent* at definite time-inter- 

 val. (Charts I) ;:; to D483.) 



Vm.'ii- tin- rmispi. nous features of these chart* are: 

 ( 1 ) Tin- In-licr ivartit ity of H. tristia in relation to 



thcr |>;ir-nt and tin- hvorid throughout. 



I .' i Til.- differences recorded between the react ion< 



of tin- starches of the two parent* with the various rea- 



. th>> curves varying very markedly in the extent of 



Tim*, tin- curves an- MTV cliw throughout 



.vile or nearly the whole 60-minutc jn-riod in the 



us with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, sulphuric 



a. id. potassium hydroxide, potassium sulphide, sodium 



salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt ni- 



. oo|i[H>r nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, 



and men-uric < -Monde; they are well separated to widely 



separated in those with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, 



hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocya- 



nate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and strontium 



nitrate. 



) The almost universal tendency for the curve of 

 n/irui/w to be closer to the curve of the hybrid than 

 to 0. tns(is. In only the reactions with chloral hy- 

 drate, sulphuric acid, potassium hydroxide, and sodium 

 salicylate is the curve of 0. cardinalis definitely closer 

 it of 0. Iristis. In the potassium-sulphide rcac- 

 ,'olatinization proceeded so slowly that such differ- 

 ences as were recorded fall within the limits of error of 

 iii.-iit. In the experiments with calcium nitrate. 

 ium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride 

 '. rardinalis curve is practically intermediate. 

 < ! I The rurves of the hybrid bear varying relations 

 parental curves, with a manifest tendency to same- 

 ness to the curve* of 0. cardinalis, and to intermcdiatc- 

 ness and to the lowest position, and almost invariably 

 definitely toward the seed parent. 



(5) An early period of resistance followed hy a mod- 

 erate to rapid gelatinization is noted in the chromic 

 acid chart. In other charts the corresponding period is 

 one of comparatively rapid gelatinization, as in the reac- 



with chloral hydrate, sulphuric acid, sodium sali- 

 rylate. while in others gelatinization proceeds with 

 marked slowness, yet steadily from the oubtart, as 

 instanced particularly in the reactions with potn- 

 sulphide. uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and in other 



'low reactions. There are *ome gradations be- 

 tween these sets. 



(6) The earliest period of the 60 minutes tt which 

 the three curves are best separated for differential pur- 

 pose* varies with the different reagent*, and in some 

 instances owing to the extremely slow reactions satis- 



rv differentiation is impossible. Approximately 



Tiod occurs at the end of 5 minnta in the reac- 



with chloral hydrate, sulphuric acid, and sodium 



late; at 15 minutes with chromic acid, pyrocallic 



- acid, and potassium sulphocyannte ; at 



30 minutes with strontium nitrate: and at 60 minutes 



with nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide. 



potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 



.ul. mm nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper 

 nitrate, rujirir chloride, l.nrmm ( Monde, and mercuric 



i-hlonde. Iii a number of the react - "f the latter 



group* the difference* are trivial and within the I 

 of error of r\|>erimcnt. 



REACTION-INTENSITIES op TUB HYBRID. 



Tins MM -tum treat* of the reaction-intensities of the 

 In lirid as regards sameness, intennrdiatvneM, excess, and 

 in relation to the parents. (Table A 34 and 

 CharU I) 463 to I) i 



The reactivities of the hybrid are the same u those 

 of the pollen parent in none of the reaction* ; the ssjne a* 

 those of the seed parent in the reactions with safranin, 

 chromic acid, nitric acid, uranium nitrate, i-upm- 

 ride, barium chloride, and men-uric chloride; the same 

 as those of both parents in that with coUlt nitrate, 

 wherein the gelatinization is extremely slow; interim- 

 diate in those with polarization, gentian violet, tempera- 

 ture, and pyrogallic acid (in all four being donor to tin- 

 seed parent) ; highest in none; and lowest with iodin.-. 

 chloral hydrate, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potas- 

 sium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium Milphooya- 

 nate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sul- 

 phide, sodium salicylatc, calcium nitrate, strontium ni- 

 trate, and copper nitrate (in 12 being closer to the seed 

 parent, and in 2 as close to one as to the other parent). 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties: Same as seed parent, 7; same as pollen parent, 0; 

 same as both parents, 1; intermediate, 4; highest, 0; 

 lowest, 14. 



The most striking features of the foregoing data are 

 the absence of a single reaction in which there was name- 

 ness or even inclination more to the pollen than to the 

 seed parent; the slight tendency in in termed iateness; 

 and the very strongly marked tendency for the curves of 

 the hybrid to be below those of the parent*. 



COMPOSITE CURVES or THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. 



This section treats of the composite curves of the 

 reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the 

 starches of Gladiolus cardinalis, 0. trittis, and 0. col- 

 villei. (Chart E 34.) 



The wont conspicuous features of this chart are : 



(1) The varying relationship the curve of 0. irisiis 

 bears to the curve of the other parent, sometimes above, 

 below, or the same or practically the same. It is above 

 in the reactions with temperature, chloral hydrate, pyro- 

 gallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium 

 hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, 

 sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium sahcylate, 

 calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, and 

 copper nitrate; below with polarization, gentian violet, 

 and safranin ; and the same or practically the same with 

 iodine, chromic acid, sulphuric acid, potassium sulphide, 

 cobalt nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and 

 mercuric chloride. The other parent, 0. cardinalis, is 

 higher in only the polarization, gentian-violet, and safra- 

 nin reactions. 



(2) The varying degrees of separation of the pa- 

 rental curves, the most marked separation being noted 

 in the reactions with polarization, temperature, pjrro- 

 gallic acid, potassium iodide, potaminm ralphocyanate, 

 sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and strontium 

 nitrate. 



(3) The marked tendencv for the curve of the hy- 

 brid to he clowr to the curve of G. rnrdinnlis than to toe 

 other parent, and to be lowest of the t 



(4) In O. trislis the very high reaction* with sul- 

 phuric acid ; the high reactions with polarization, iodine, 

 and sodium salicylate ; the moderate with gentian violet, 



