118 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. 



higher position of the curve of Tritonia pottsii and the 

 close correspondence of the two curves in the up-and- 

 down variations. The only places at which the curve of 

 T. pottsii is distinctly lower than that of T. crocosmia 

 aurea are in the polarization, iodine, and chloral-hydrate 

 reactions. The curve is the same or practically the 

 same in the reactions with sulphuric acid, potassium sul- 

 phide, sodium salicylate, and barium chloride. 



(2) In T. pottsii the very high reactions with sul- 

 phuric acid ; the high reactions with polarization, chromic 

 acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium sulphocyanate, and 

 sodium salicylate; the moderate reactions with gentian 

 violet, safranin, and pyrogallic acid; the low reactions 

 with temperature, chloral hydrate, nitric acid, potassium 

 iodide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and stron- 

 tium nitrate; and the very low reactions with iodine, 

 potassium hydroxide, potassium sulphide, calcium ni- 

 trate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, 

 cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. 



(3) In T. crocosmia aurea the very high reaction 

 with sulphuric acid ; the high reactions with polarization 

 and sodium salicylate ; the moderate reactions with iodine, 

 chromic acid, and hydrochloric acid; the low reactions 

 with gentian violet, safranin, temperature, chloral hy- 

 drate, pyrogallic acid, potassium sulphocyanate, and so- 

 dium hydroxide ; and the very low reactions with nitric 

 acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium 

 sulphide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium 

 nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, 

 cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. 



(4) In the hybrid the very high reactions with sul- 

 phuric acid and sodium salicylate ; the high reactions with 

 polarization, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, and potas- 

 sium sulphocyanate ; the moderate reactions with gentian 

 violet, safranin, pyrogallic acid, and sodium hydroxide ; 

 the low reactions with iodine, temperature, nitric acid, 

 potassium iodide, sodium sulphide, and strontium ni- 

 trate; and the very low reactions with chloral hydrate, 

 potassium hydroxide, potassium sulphide, calcium ni- 

 trate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, 

 cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. 



Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: 



36. COMPARISONS OF THE STARCHES OF BEGONIA 

 SINGLE CRIMSON SCARLET, B. SOCOTRANA, AND 

 B. MRS. HEAL. 



In the histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, 

 reactions with selenite and iodine, and qualitative reac- 

 tions with the various chemical reagents the three starches 

 have properties in common in various degrees of develop- 

 ment and in each case certain individualities. The 

 starch of Begonia socotrana in comparison with that of 

 B. single crimson scarlet contains no compound grains 

 or aggregates ; the grains are not so often irregular, but 

 where irregularity exists it is more marked ; the grains 

 are more elongated and the round type few. The hilum is 

 somewhat less distinct and more often fissured, and a 

 peculiar form of fissure is found ; ecentricity is greater. 

 The lamellae are somewhat more distinct and somewhat 

 less regular, and there is an absence of a very coarse 

 lamella near the hilum and also of one outlining the pri- 

 mary starch deposit in compound grains if the deposit 

 consists of both primary and secondary lamellae. Other- 



wise the character and arrangements are the same. The 

 size is larger. In the polariscopic, selenite, and qualita- 

 tive iodine reactions there are many differences. In the 

 qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, 

 pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, and strontium nitrate there 

 are also many differences, many quite striking and dis- 

 tinctive of one or the other parent. The starch of the 

 hybrid in comparison with the starches of the parents 

 exhibits but few individualities in form, and in this 

 histological character it is in closer relationship to B. 

 socotrana. The starch of the hybrid is closer to that of 

 B. single crimson scarlet in the general characters of the 

 hilum, but nearer the other parent in form, eccentricity 

 of the hilum, size, and arrangement of the lamelte (ex- 

 cepting when the grain consists of a primary and a sec- 

 ondary part, when the relationship is closer to the first 

 parent). Certain irregularities of form are seen that 

 are not present in cither parent, and the lamella? are more 

 distinct and not so fine as they are in the parents. In 

 the characters of the polariscopic figure and in the sele- 

 nite reaction it is closer to B. single crimson scarlet. In 

 the iodine reactions it is closer to B. single crimson scar- 

 let. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, 

 chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, and strontium 

 nitrate the relationship is closer to B. single crimson 

 scarlet. Some of the grains during gelatinization be- 

 have like those of one parent and others like those of 

 the other, and some show associated peculiarities of 

 both parents. The resemblances are, on the whole, more 

 closely related to B. single crimson scarlet, as is also 

 the case in the quantitative reactions. 



Reaction-intensities Expressed l>y Light, Color, and Tempera- 

 ture Reactions. 

 Polarization: 



B. sing. crim. scar., moderately high to high, value 00. 



B. socotrana, moderately high to high, the same as in B. single 



crimson scarlet, value 60. 

 B. mrs. heal, moderately high to high, less than in either parent, 



value 55. 

 Iodine: 



B. sing. crim. scar., moderate, value 45. 



B. socotrana, light to moderate, much less than in B. single crimson 



scarlet, value 30. 

 B. mrs. heal, moderate, the same as in B. single crimson scarlet, 



value 45. 

 Gentian violet: 



B. sing. crim. scar., moderate, value 45. 



B. socotrana, light to moderate, much less than in B. single crimson 



scarlet, value 35. 

 B. mrs. heal, moderate, same as in B. single crimson scarlet, 



value 45. 

 Safranin: 



B. singl crim. scar., moderate to deep, value 60. 



B. socotrana, moderate to deep, less than in B. single crimson 



scarlet, value 55. 

 B. mrs. heal, moderate to deep, same as in B. single crimson scarlet, 



value 60. 

 Temperature: 



B. sing. crim. scar., in the majority at 67 to 68.5, in nil at 70 to 



72, mean 71. 

 B. socotrana, in the majority at 79 to 80, in all at 81 to 81.8, 



mean 81.4. 



B. mrs. heal, in the majority at 67 to 69, in all at 71 to 72, 

 mean 71.5. 



The reactivity of B. single crimson scarlet is higher 

 than that of the other parent in the iodine, gentian 

 violet, safranin, and temperature reactions; and the 

 same or practically the same in the polarization reaction. 

 The reactivity of the hybrid is the same or practically the 

 the same as that of B. single crimson scarlet in the reac- 

 tions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and tempera- 

 ture; and is the lowest of the three in the polarization 

 reaction. The hybrid is closer to B. single crimson scar- 

 let than to the other parent in the reactions with iorlin<>, 

 gentian violet, safranin, and temperature, and is the 

 same in relation to both parents in the polarization 

 reaction. 



