KKA I ION-INTENSITIES WITH 1 \< II AGENT AND REAGENT. 



Ill 



ilmlly becauw of the comparative leas reactivity of the 



i hybrid than of the other sets. 



. 'LIU A '. ( lilonil li\dnitc r> tin-re i- 



nmr- ' '' iiuixiinal and iiuiiiinal limit* of 



to th- prolongation of I of the 11 



:"ii|- i- nothing like o di-tm<tly in- 



dmduali/fd as in tin- 17 .hart* referred to wherein the 



ma ami iiiiniiua are clo . In Chart* A9, All, A I .'. 



;.| A'.'l (nitric arul. hydrochloric aud, 



pnUKMiim h\dro\idc, |>tassiuni Milpho-yanate, potM- 



! .-trontiiini nitrate) there u a well- 



m*rki-<l separation of the fint from the second and thirl 



showing about the same, and the former 



ctlv hi;;: 'ii-intensitics. Stii-h |Nvuliarilic-- 



are found to !- inimon among tin- other genera where 



a nunilHT of seta of parents and hybrids are included, 



from which it i- ol>\ ions that where a j;cnua is represented 



tin- maximum, minimum, and mean 



.ten-it ic- are to be taken merely tentatively as 



representing the generic standards. 



This statement find* immediate application to a num- 

 ..nnips represented in these chart*, includ- 

 ryllis-bruntvigta (bigeiicric). Gladiolus, Trito- 

 nia, Hirhanlin, MUM, I'haiua, Miltunia, and Cymbidium. 

 num. minimum, and average values differ IKK 

 ;n the case of different sets of parents and hybrids 

 of the same genns, bnt also of the members of the same 

 ih different reagents. Thus, in Xrrinf, in Chart* 

 A 8 and A 17 ( pyrogallic-acid and sodium-sulphide reac- 

 i and in certain other chart*, the maxima, minima, 

 and averages for all of the species and hybrids arc prac- 

 tically ahsolutcly the same, but in Charts A 11 and A 1 I 

 (hydrochloric-acid and potaminm-sulphocyanate reac- 

 > and in others, all three are different in all three 

 sets of starches. Finally, generic grouping mar seem- 

 be set aside in some instances by wide differences 

 reaction-intensities of one or more sets included 

 in the genus group. This is well illustrated in Crinum, 

 Iris, and Begonia in Chart A 9 (nitric-acid reactions). 

 The species of Crinum studied in this research are divisi- 

 ble into two horticultural groups, which are distinguished 

 as tender and hardy, the starch of the former being char- 

 zed by generally low reactivities and those of the 

 latter by generally high reactivities, the differences being 

 so marked that it is necessary to recognize in 

 starches two distinct subgeneric groups. Such differ- 

 ences are well shown in other charts, such as Charts A 8, 

 A 10, A 11, and A 12, but there is an entire absence of 

 such distinction in Charts A 6, A 7, A 15, A 10, A 22. 

 *>, and others. In fact, in several of the latter 

 ; (Terences are so slight u to suggest very closely 

 related members of the genns. In Iris there is. a very 

 icuous example of subgeneric grouping: In Chart-* 

 \ . A 7. A 1". and A 15 the reaction-intensities of 

 the me m hers of all four sets are nearly the same or do not 

 differ to a marked degree; bnt in A 8, A 9, A 11, A 12, 

 A 13, A 14, A 16, A 17, A 18, A 19, A 20, A 21, A 22, 

 A -J t, A 25, and A 26 there is a well-marked group- 

 ing, the first three sets constituting one group and the 



t another group. 



With the exception of Charts A 6 and A 18 the first 

 group is characterized by lower reai-tion-intei. 

 which with rare exceptions tend to be very close in all 



three sets, thu. forming a very distinct i-rotip. \\hih 

 in Charts A 6 and A 18 the same grou; <ins, there 



is a reversal of the reaction-inU-nxitu s. the first group 

 showing lens reactivity than the ncrond group. Even 

 more interesting is Begonia: In Chart A '.' tin re is no 

 oli\ IOH- differentiation of any of the set* of members of a 

 set, but in Chart A 6 there appears a very conspicuous 

 differentiation in the comparative slowness of the /?. 

 socolrana reaction ; and in all other charts, with four 

 exceptions, the length of the line is accentuated in vary- 

 ing degree, thus markedly eharactcri/.ing tin- MI.- of ih s 

 group. This seemingly aberrant reaction-intensity of 

 this exceptional species give* a peculiar generic picture, 

 and means, as in the instance* of Crinum and Iris, two 

 generic type*. 



The correspondence of the grouping of the reaction- 

 intensities of starches in accordance in general with gen- 

 era is usually quite evident, this being not only more 

 marked with some than with other agents and rea.- 

 as stated, hut also more marked with pome than with 

 other groups. A given group may stand out very con- 

 spicuously in one chart, hut not in another, or even not 

 be different Kited from adjoining groups, yet be more or 

 lens distinctly differentiated from the same groups in 

 other charts. For instance, in Chart A 10 (sulphuric- 

 acid reactions), taking the genera represented by Jferinc. 

 \arcissw, Lilium, Iri.i. Gladiolus, and TrUmna. it will 

 lie seen that with the exception of Gladiolus there is no 

 differentiation of the reaction-values that even suggests 

 that the records arc those pertaining to different genera; 

 in fact, they arc so nearly alike as to indicate that (lie 

 several groups belong to a single genus. The Gladiolus 

 reactions take place with comparative slowness, which 

 distinctly differentiates this genus from the fire other 

 genera. In Chart All (hydrochloric-acid reactions) 

 Lilium stands very distinctly apart from the other five 

 genera ; Xtrint and AVirn*.*i/. arc not differentiated 

 from each other, hut they differ from Lilium, Iris, Gladi- 

 olus, and Tritonia. 



It will be seen that three of the four sets of Iridx 

 are practically alike and markedly different from the 

 fourth set, showing what marked differences may be 

 exhibited by members of subgencra or of similar div 

 of genera. In Chart A 12 (potassium-hydroxide reac- 

 tions) the picture is radically changed in a number of 

 particulars: Lilium remains conspicuous as before; Ne- 

 rine and Xarcitanu are very definitely grouped, the lines 

 of the former being very short and those of the latter 

 quite long; Iris differs hut little, as a whole, from the 

 preceding chart; and in both Gladiolus and Tritonin the 

 lines are prolonged and about the same, giving no differ- 

 entiation between these two genera. In Chart A 13 

 (potassium-iodide reactions) the picture again differ.*: 

 I.Hium is about the same; the Ntrine lines are very con- 

 siderably prolonged and markedly exceed the length o/ 

 the Narcissus lines which are slightly shortened in com- 

 parison with the lenjrth in the preceding chart, thus show- 

 ing a marked reversal of the quantitative relationships. 

 The tforcisnu lines and those of the first three set* of 

 Jridt are about the same, whereas in the preceding chart 

 the latter are, on the whole, distinctly shorter; and 

 Gladiolus and Tritonia are about the same, but longer 

 than the Narcitsvt and Iris linen, and shorter than the 



