REACTION-INTENSIT1KS \\rni i:\.ll AGKVI \M UEAOENT. 



Hit 



difference between the two cur\. - in each u nearly the 



Mine; both are hu-h.-r in t)u> second ancl third than in 



ami th<- cimc m .ill three U lower than in 



Amaryllis and Hrunin-iijia. In Ilittimnthiu the i 



an- : tin- temperature nine U-in^ the lower, 



ml the .' --twit-ii the currea ia practically the 



same. In tin- Crmums tin- c-urvea racroM, tin- i< mpcra- 



n the higher, and the d is tun res lietwoen 



in tin- thn < -i.-. u-s are quite different in the 



two hardy ..jnviea the distance* an small but dill 



ajul in tin- tender specie* well marked, showing delimit- 



. iit-ric dm-ion. In the three Nerinea, in the first 



: the higher, and in the second 



.111.1 third the l..wer. In other words, Nerine crispa has 

 a higher n-U'-tiMty in the temjx-ratiirc than in thechloral- 



hou-iifni and N. tamientit 

 Tar. ronuca major exhibit the opposite peculiarity. 



These remarkable inversion* and reversions, both in- 

 Ingeneric and intrageneric, have been found to be coin- 



n the researches with tho various reagents, as will 

 be seen. -*IM the temperature curve is a.'ain 



the lnirher, and in Lilium inversion again occurs, (he 

 tcm]NTaiure run i- in all four being the lower, the dis- 

 tance between the two curves being very marked in the 

 first species, marked in tho other three, and nearly the 

 same in eat-h. In Iris the temperature curve is the 



r in the first, third, and fourth, and lower in the 



! : and the distance between the curves is different 

 in each, it U-ing greatest by far in the fourth. In both 

 Gladiolus and Trilonia the temperature curve is the 



r, and the difference between the two curves is small 



and practically the same in both genera. In Begonia 



again occurs, in both the temperature curve 



being lower and very markedly lower than the chloral- 



Ue curve, the separation being greater in Begonia 

 tocolrana. In Phaius crossing again occurs, and again 

 in Miltimia, the separation in the former being distiint 

 ami in the latter marked. While the courses of these 



s vary greatly, the variations are not more than 

 in tho teiii|H-rature-|>yrogallic acid and temperaturc- 

 nitrir-aeid charts (Charts B5 and B6), or when tho 



rature curve is compared witli that of any other 

 of the reagents, or when the curves of almost any two 

 reagents arbitrarily selected are compared. 



mparisons of the tetnperatnre-pyrogallic acid and 

 teni|vrature-. liloral hydrate charts (B5 and B4) bring 

 out many striking differences: The range of reaction 



ities of pyrogallic acid is distinctly greater than 

 with chloral hydrate; the temperature and pyrogallie- 



urves show far less tendency than the temperature 

 and chloral-hydrate curves to any relationship in their 



s; the variations in the degrees of separation in 



nii*rature and pyrogal lie-acid curves bear no evi- 

 <!> nt relationship to what was seen in the temperature- 



il hydrate chart; and the points of inversion and 

 recrossing of the curves have no correspondence unless 

 of apparently a purely accidental character. The tem- 

 perature-chloral hydrate reactions with Amaryllis and 

 IIrun.<ri;iia show only small differences between the two 



-.the temperature curve being the lower in Amaryl- 



li* an 'ier in Bruntrigia; and in the temperature- 



i reai-tnuis the tempi-future nine 18 the 



- in both, and tin-re is extremely little or practically 



no separation in .\marylli but marked separation in 

 Hrunsviyia, In tho former, in Hippeattrum, the tem- 

 perature curve U the higher, while in the latter it is the 

 lower, and Hie manner of separation of the curves ia very 

 different. In the former, in Ilirmanthtu, the tempera- 

 ture i -line is the lower; in the latter, in the first species 

 it is the higher and in the second species the lower, and 

 the difference* in the degree of separation are .TV 

 different. In the former, in Crinum, the temperature 

 nine is the higher in all three species; in the latter, it 

 is the lower in all three, and the separations of tin- 

 curves wholly unlike. In the former, in Nerine, the 

 temperature curve is the higher in one and the lower 

 in two; in the Utter, it is higher in all three; and while 

 the chloral-hydrate curve is hifjh in tin- former the pyro- 

 gallic-acid curve is very low, almost zero, in the latter. 

 In both the former and the latter charts, in Lilium the 

 temperature curve is tho lower, and there are some dif- 

 ferences in the separation of the curve*. In Iris and 

 throughout the remainder of the charts similar differ- 

 ences will be found. Comparing now the temperature- 

 nitric acid chart (Chart B 6) with the foregoing, it will 

 be seen that it presents a very different picture, and 

 here also there are the vagrant variations in the degree* 

 of separation of the curves and the vagrant inversions 

 and reversions, but which do not bear more than acci- 

 dental relationships to the variations observed hcr<-t - 

 fore. In other words, each chart presents evidence in 

 support of certain well-defined principles regarding 

 reactive intensities of different starches with different 

 reagents, and is a specific and characteristic picture that 

 is indicative of the particular reagent. 



From the point of view of strictly fair comparisons of 

 the temperature and chemical-reagent reactivities some 

 fallacy is intrdu(vd, because these two groups of reac- 

 tivities have not an identical basis of valuation, and 

 therefore because the value expressed by the space be- 

 tween any two abscissa} in the temperature reactions may 

 not have the equivalent value* of reagent reactions. In 

 constructing the temperature scale in this research ad- 

 vantage was taken of data obtained in the previous in- 

 vestigation, and the scale was made to include what 

 was believed to be the lowest and highest temperatures 

 of gelatinization of the kinds of starches thai were 

 likely to be studied, this scale being taken to be the 

 equivalent in values of the scale of reaction-intensities 

 with reagents that was made to extend between the ex- 

 tremes of highest and lowest possible reactivities. But 

 it will be seen, upon examination of Charts B 4, B 5, and 

 B i. that the temperature reactions are limited in the 

 starches examined between 55.8 (lAlium tenuifolium) 

 and 83 (llirmantliujt Icalherintt) ; whereas, in the 

 chloral-hydrate reactions the values extend between 5 per 

 n-iit of the total starch gelatinized in 60 minutes 

 (I'rinum zeylanirum) to 99 per cent in 10 minutes 

 (Begonia tingle crimson scarlet), and in both the pyro- 

 ^allic-acid and nitric-acid reactions the values vary prac- 

 tically from extreme to extreme of the scale. 



The temperature scale as thus constructed represents 

 a scale that has just about one- half the abscissa; values 

 represented by the chemical-reappnt scale. If now the 

 former scale is modified so that the extremes represent 

 the extreme temperatures recorded among the starches 



