SUMMARIES OK THE HI8TOLOG1C CHARACTERS, TC. 



OF E.M II livUKIU 

 (Tabla f. Part* 1 to 60 and Summary: U and II. Part* 1 to Mud 

 8ummari 1 i. 



particular reference was made 



recognition <>f int<-rmc.liaieneaa a* one of the primary 

 . this ;ii. i. Km.: if.t ..nly to macroscopic 

 ami iniiTi>*tii[>ic c 1 ara. te:- of plants, but also t 



>f starches. Int.Tin.-.liateness of 

 starched wan therein shown to have been rtH-orded by 



larluiii- (pau'e : I in Itibtt, Bryantkua, and y/rc/y- 

 ekium, and by l>arl.\hire (page 8) in /'uurn. Mats 

 Farlane slates that in Ribet grouularia, R. culvfrvrllii 

 (intirid) and /;. niyrum the starch graina of the three 

 are very variable in site, but in the first the largest 

 are In and the average V: in the third the large** are 

 3 M and the average l l /^> *nd in the second the largest 



u and the average -V In Mentitnit empertriformu 

 var., Hry>intliu.< rrrrtiu (hybrid) and Hlioduilfttdron 

 cham(T>-ixtu.< he found that in the thirl the starch grains 

 are -V across the largest, though most are from V to 



n the first the largest granules are 6/t across, and 

 in all canes they are larger than in the third ; and in the 

 second the size of the granules falls rather toward the 

 third. In llrdychium gardnenanum . H. tad If nan urn 



rid), and //. coronarium he notes that in the first 

 ra. h -larch grain is a small triangular plate, measuring 

 l<y to r.v. from hilum to base, and that the lamination 

 u not :n. t ; in the third each grain is ovate, or in 



OHM cases tapered rather finely to a point at the hilum, 

 ''" I..HIT fmin hilum to base, and the lamination 

 is very marked; in the second "the grains may best 

 be described if we suppose a rather reduced one of the 

 : to be set on the reduced basal half of one of 

 the latter. The lamination also is more pronounced than 

 in the first, less so than in the second." Darbyshire 

 records that the round starch grain of the F, generation 

 is a blend between the type of grain of the round pea 



! otato-shaped ) and the type of grain of the wrinkled 

 pea (th.- coin|tund) in respect to the three characters: 



i-hreadth-index, distribution of componndness, 



'egree of compoundness. While these data are very 

 meager they are concordant and in harmony with the 

 dictum of interm.-diateness of histologic and naked-eye 

 characters of hybrids. 



In the present research it was found in the studies of 

 the histologic peculiarities that in case of every hybrid 

 there are certain characters that are intermediate, the 

 dfg** of intermediatcness varying from mid-interme- 

 diateness to almost identity with one or the other parent. 

 vied lateness was found to be, on the whole, far 



common than a degree of interned iateneas that 

 closely approached one or the other parent; identity 

 >f a given character with that of one or the other parent 

 was quite common; development of a given character 



iracter-pha*e in excess or deficit of those of both 

 parent* quite frequent ; and the appearance of individ- 

 ualities in the hybrid that are not seen in either parent 

 was by no means rare. In fact, it seems clear that the 

 more in detail these studies are carried out the farther 

 we are taken fr.-m the conception of generality of inter- 

 mediateneos of the properties of the hybrid. The records 

 f the histologic peculiarities of the starches are fully 

 supported by those of the hi.tologio and macroscopic 

 character* of plants a set forth in this chapter and in 



II. ' :..i;.r. r II, and also by the Qualitative and 

 quantitative reactions of the starches throughout the 

 entire range of agents and reagents as shown by the data 

 that are represented especially in Chapter III and I'art 

 1 1. < liapter 1. In preceding parts of the present chap- 

 arious tabular statements exlul.it from different 

 aspect* parental relationship of the hybrids. It seems 

 desirable at this point to tabulate the rea< -tum intensi- 

 ties of the hybrids with reference to ttnmnfus to one or 

 the other parent or both parent*, intermedia tenets, and 

 excess and deficit of development in relation to the 

 parents, so that one may see at a glance, as it were, the 

 relative importance of the several phases of parent-charac- 

 ter development in regard to the reaction-intensities of: 

 (a) Each hybrid starch with different agents and rea- 

 gents, which will exhibit particularly the differences in 

 the behavior of each starch in comparison with the reac- 

 tion of other starches in the presence of the same agents 

 and reagents ; (b) each hybrid starch as regards iimtinses 

 and inclination in its properties in relation to one or 

 the other or both parents, which will exhibit particularly 

 the comparative potencies of the parents in determining 

 the properties of the starch of the hybrid; and (r) all 

 of the hybrid starches with each agent and reagent, 

 which will exhibit particularly the independence of the 

 behavior of each agent and reagent, and also all of the 

 hybrid starches with each agent and reagent, as regards 

 sameness and inclination in the properties to one or 

 the other parent or both parents, which will exhil.it 

 particularly the independent tendencies of each agent 

 or reagent to elicit definite and specific parent-phases. 

 While all of these tabulations are most intimately cor- 

 related, each brings out certain features with marked 

 accentuation in a form not elicited by the others. 



REACTION-INTENSITIES or EACH HYBRID STARCH WITH 

 DIFFERENT AOBNTS AND HKAORNTS. 



(Table. F. Parti 1 to 60 and Summary.) 



It is to be noted in an examination of the results 

 formulated in the accompanying table that in only 32 of 

 the 60 hybrids recorded all of the 26 reactions, 16 record- 

 ed only 10 reactions, and 2 only 13 reactions. Taking up 

 this table, even a most cursory examination will indi- 

 cate the very wide variations of the numerical values of 

 the 6 phases of parent-development of the different 

 starches in their parental relationships, and each part of 

 the table is different from every other part and is specifi- 

 cally distinctive of the hybrid, even in the cases of hybrids 

 that have resulted from the same cross as in 



xandfnr alba and R. tandem (Table F, 1 and 2). and 

 Narcisfut potlicun herridc and N. poeticv* danlr (Table 

 F, 16 and 17). Moreover, in one hybrid intermediateneas 

 may be relatively so very conspicuous that the other 

 phases sink into insignificance, while in another this 

 phase may be as markedly conspicuous by its almost or 

 entire absence, and so on in other tables with the other 

 phases. It is also very obvious that the hybrid is leas 

 apt to be characterized by a prominence of infrrmediate- 

 ness than by a conspicuonaness of highest or lowest de- 

 velopment or even of other phase of parental relationship. 

 The several parts of this table may, for convenience of 

 study, be grouped into four classes: (1) those in which 

 one of the phases of development very markedly domi- 

 nates the others, one-half or more of the reactions being 



