SIMMAIUKS OK n.AM ( H \ H \i I >:i;-. Mr. 



341 



the tissue groups u do the latter from each other. 

 paring th. i...\ lt . chancier* and starch reactmtie 

 (Table I. Summary :t). it is found that the former 

 huw distantly lower percentage* in regard to samene* 

 a* the *eed parent, jHilU-n parent, and Mb p.i 

 markedly hi>rhT [HTcenta^cs in regard t<> m 1 

 new and character* that arc di-\ rlu].-d m excea* of paren- 

 tal extreme* ; and a distinctly lower ]H-r,viita^r de\clu|>,d 

 in di lint { parental evtreinc-. It deem* obvious fr>m 

 this that tin- li^uriM recorded in urn -he>e modes 



nf imcstij.Mti.in ran not be taken as an index of what 

 ! found by another, if the percentage* of tho 

 iraeters and starch character* are charted (Chart 

 it will be seen that there i* only a very grow, if 

 any, correspondence between the two curves. If three 

 curves are const ructed to show the macroscopic, micro- 

 scopic, and reaction data respectively (Chart F 10), a 

 ni'xliti.d picture is presented. It will be noted that the 

 macroscopic and microscopic curves show similarities 

 and that neither appears to be related to the starch curve. 

 The comparative degree* of influence of each of the 

 parents in determiiiiiiir the characters of the hybrid 

 varies not only with the different *-ta, but also in the 

 'ntages of macroscopic and microscopic characters 

 in each set. Table H, Summary 2, gives a summary of the 

 sameness and inclination of the reaction-intensities of 

 the starches of hybrids to one or the other parent or both 

 parents. Table I, Summary 4, preset) U similar data of 

 the macroscopic and microscopic plant characters. Tak- 

 ing the macroscopic and microscopic characters together, 

 it will IN- found that there is marked dominance of the 

 eed parent in Ipomcta tloteri (58:23) and Cypripe- 

 dium lathamianum inrrnum (60: 43), and of the pollen 

 parent in Isrlia-Caitlfya canhamiana (31 : 61), and that 

 there is little dominance of either parent in Cymbidium 

 tburneo-lovianum (41 : 35), .Miltunia bleuana (39: 47), 

 Cttirrifitdium luihamianum (39:48), and Cypripedium 

 nitfns (41:47). In none of these hybrids is there noted 

 in the tissue characters the extreme dominance recorded 

 in the reaction-intensities and histological properties of 

 some of the hybrids in the starch investigation, but such 

 dominance will undoubtedly be brought out in researches 

 with other parents and hybrids. 



In summing up the numbers and percentages of the 

 tissue characters and starch reaction-intensities that are 

 the same as or inclined to the seed parent, the pollen 

 parent, and to both parents, and which are as close to one 

 as to the other parent, respectively, it is found that the 

 different hybrids show the widest variations in dip 

 and degree (Table I. Summary 6, and Table 0). Thus, 

 in Ipomeea tloteri the ratio of macroscopic charac- 

 ters that are the same as or inclined to the seed parent 

 to those that are the same as or inclined to the pollen 

 parent is about 2:1. while of the microscopic characters 

 it is almost 3:1. In Lrrlia-Cattlrya canhamiana the 

 ratios are about 1:2 and 1:2 respectively. In Cym- 

 bidium rburnro-loirianum the ratios are 1V&: 1, and 1: 1, 

 respectively. In Dendrobium cyltle the ratios are 1 : 3 

 and 1:1, respectively, and so on. In the case of the 

 ftarches the ratios are far more varied, ranging from 

 23 : at one extreme to : 25 at the other extreme, with 

 great variations in between. In summing up the figure* 

 and percentages for the tissues and comparing them with 

 the corresponding figures for the starches, it is found that 



tin- figure!* fur the >mbined macroscopic and n. 



--.pic character* that are the Mine aa or inclined to the 



Mad parent and the pollen parent, respectively, are 36.8 



'i.:. while for the starches they are 42.7 and 32.4. 



haracters that are the Mine u those of both 



parent* the figures for the tissues and starches are 5.2 and 



3.8, respectively. In group of characters first stated the 

 figures are almost the same in the first couple, while in 

 the second couple the first figure is about one-third higher 

 than the second. In the m-cond group the first figure is 

 amall in comparison with the second, this probably being 

 due to the fact that in the study <>f the tissue characters 

 many characters that were found in the hybrid to be the 

 same or practically the same as the characters in the 

 parent* were not recorded. Of characters that are aa 

 close to one aa to the other parent the tissue character 

 percentage is 21.1, while that of the starches is 11.1. 

 Finally, among the tissue characters, 73.7 per cent are 

 the same as or inclined to the seed or the pollen parent ; 

 and among the starch characters 75.1 per <rnt, or prac- 

 tically the same. 



In case of two set* of parents and hybrids (Cym- 

 bidium and Miltonia), studies were made coincident ly 

 of both tissue and starch characters, but unfortunately 

 in one (Cymbidium) the reactions of the starches were 

 with few exceptions so very rapid that satisfactory data 

 for differential purposes were not obtained. These data 

 are summarized in Tables I, 3, and 6, and F, 47 and 

 48, and also in Charts F3, F6, F 11, and F 12. Re- 

 ferring to the characters and character-phases of Cym- 

 bidium fburneo-lou-ianum it will be apparent upon com- 

 parison of the data pertaining to the several parental- 

 phases (Chart F3) that the percentages of macroscopic 

 characters are smaller than those of the microscopic 

 characters that are the same a* those of the seed parent, 

 and which are developed in excess and in deficit of 

 parental extremes; but larger among those which are 

 the same as those of the pollen parent and of both parents, 

 and which are intermediate. Hence, there are inver- 

 sions of the curves in the chart. The quantitative differ- 

 ences between the plant and the reaction characters vary 

 in the several parental-phases (Chart K 11). the differ- 

 ences being distinct among the characters that are the 

 same as those of one or the other parent or both parents, 

 marked among those which are developed in excess or 

 deficit of parental extremes, and very marked among 

 those which are intermediate. While there are some 

 correspondence* in the percentages and curves of the 

 macroscopic and microscopic data, there is no corre- 

 spondence between theae and the starch reaction-inten- 

 sity curve. In fact, there seems to be a tendency to 

 nver*e rather than direct relationship. In Milionio 

 ileuana the macroscopic and microscopic figure* and 

 curve* differ in some respect* lea* and in others more 

 ban in Cymbidium rburnro-lotnanum (Chart F12). 

 The percentage* of the macroscopic character* are higher 

 than those of the macroscopic character* among the 

 characters that are the same a* those of the wed parent 

 and the name a* those of the pollen parent, but lower 

 among the character* that fail under the other four 

 tarental-phaaea, so that here also there is invention of the 

 wo curve*. The percentage* and curve* of the rtarch 

 reaction-intensities bear, a* in the foregoing hybrid, 

 ipparently no relationship to either macroscopic or 



