AI'l'I.ir.YllKNS OF RESULTS OF 



iM.|i\i.luii!-t\|M-s. This last statement already has sup 

 l*>rt in tlio r- .r.\[ line* of r*sta 



bear U|H>II tin- .-JK-* ii'u itics of en/urn-*, anaphylaxi 

 i i|>itni rca< tion-i. immune MTU. 



Fruin tin- f. r. _'!! i - data it seems obvious that (A 

 complex onj'i incrx which may be assumed to 



'ttutt thf .-.iftitial fundamental constituents of 

 protoplasm and thf immediate complex synthetic prod- 

 ucts of protoplasmic activity may exist M exceedingly 

 numerous or >( less stertoitomeric forms, tack 



form being peculiarly and 'y modified in rela- 



tion to genus, specie*, larifty. tn.iu t<lual, or 



even part of an individual. 



...l'l.A.-M A < ..M. ItKOlHOM ^-ITEM. 



The next logical -; ;> in "iir investigation is maiii- 

 fe.-tly the .-tu.lv .-i I:..- U-.irings of these storeoisomers, as 

 Mich niitl in their v.inaMc c.>ii!liiiiati(iii8 and associ.r 

 u|...ii the .-trui nm i , processes, and products <>f , 

 pla-lii. I'rotopla.-m. M tu tin' modern develop- 



nn-nt.i nf biochemistry, is to IK- regarded u being in the 

 nature of an extr. 1, \, labile aggregate of pro- 



. carl..'h\. (rates, and other substances that are 

 (fdiliarly associated to con.-titute a phy-i. o-ch. 

 me, hani.-m. The possible number of " phases " in which 

 -.1. h a system can exist varies with the forms of the 

 tercoisomerides and in general with the number anil in- 

 :::!. ility of the components. In such a 

 me. hanism we conceive that the numlwr <>f variables is 

 ibly great. Kr<>in analogy we believe that such 

 mechanisms an so extremely .-en-iti\e that the proper- 

 ties and processes may be modified by even so si: 

 change an the sulistitution of one form of stereoison. 

 for another of the same prototype. Were it practicable 

 to examine all of the most complex of the organic struc- 

 tural components of protoplasm, it doubtless would Le 

 fi.uii.l that every one exists in a form peculiar to the 

 individual and his position in classification. Moreover, 

 we must conceive that the components of protoplasm 

 are as specific in relation to the form of protoplasm as 

 are the peculiar forms of stereoisomers, so that differ- 

 ent form* of protoplasm are characterized physico-chemi- 

 cal ly ( 1 ) by the peculiarities of the storeoisomerides, and 

 '.y the peculiarities of the kinds, combinati ns 

 associations, and arrangements of the components in 

 the thr.-e dimensions of space. 



In accordance with the foregoing the human organ- 

 ism may be regarded as being a highly organized com- 

 posite of heterogeneous physico-chemical systems that 

 are composed of a vast number of parts, each such part 

 ng a particular " phase " of the system and 

 ly. nieohani.-ally, ehemioallv, and func- 

 tionally an individual interne; HILT unit of the aggregate. 

 follows that the sum or totality of these pecu- 

 liarly modified stereoisc r arrange- 

 ments with the associated components, constitutes a 

 system " peculiar to the cell ; that the 

 fum of the cell-systems is peculiar to the tissue ; that the 

 sum of the tissue-systems is peculiar to the organ; and 

 that the sum of the organ-systems is peculiar to the 

 individual. 



While the living organism had been for years recog- 

 nized as being in the nature of an exree ; 



o-chemical aggregate of interacting independent 



interdependent parts that consUtat* a single <>rk- 

 nit in only recent yean hare the ""^"Sr- that 

 bring about co-opcratn< of the various parU 



been made clear. The governing influences of the ner- 

 vous system were found inadequate even in the highest 

 organisms, not to speak ,,f life , 



:>ut in ulueh there is apparently a total 

 absence of nervous matter. As an associate of the ner- 

 vous system, and doubtless far antedating it in organic 

 evolution, is a correlative mechanism of a chemical 

 acter of the greatest importance, and doubtless equally 

 so throughout the whole range of hung organisms from 

 the lowest to the highest Kv.n living cell, whether 

 it be in the form of a unicellular organism or a com- 

 l-.neiit of a multicellular organ :! .uhtedly in 



the nature of a heterogeneous steraochemic system, each 

 of the component parts of the system forming substances 

 which may affect directly or indirectly the ucti\itios of 

 the processes of the other parts; likeu v cell of a 



multicellular organism is not only in iUelf a !>. 

 geneous system, but a part of a number of associated 

 heterogeneous systems and which by virtue ,if <vrtain 

 of its products, with or without the agency of the blood- 

 vascular or lymph-vascular systems, may exercise in- 

 fluences upon other structures, which structures may 

 have or Htvmiiigly not have either Mriictural or |.' 

 logical relationship. Thus we find that a set ret in formed 

 in the pyloric glands of the gastric mucosa may excite 

 the glands of the cardia; that growth is determined by 

 some product or products of the pituitary body that are 

 carried to the various structures; that the liver, pan- 

 creas and intestinal glands are excited to secretory activ- 

 ity by a peculiar substance formed in the duodenal and 

 jejunal mucosae; that carbohydrate nictaUliMii in the 

 liver and muscles is influenced to a profound degree by 

 hormones that are formed in the pancreas; that lactation 

 is determined essentially by substances derived from the 

 corpus luteum, placenta, and involuting womb; that the 

 penods of ovulation and menstruation are inhibited by 

 secretions of the corpus luteum ; that vitally important 

 states of activity of the generative organs are directly asso- 

 ciated with functions of the adrenal and other glands ; and 

 that normal development, especially of secondary sexual 

 characters, is intimately related to the ovaries and tes- 

 ticles. To these extraordinary correlations might be 

 added many others. Some of the bodily structure* are 

 in this way so definitely associated in their activities as 

 to constitute co-operating or interacting systems, so that 

 the tissue products are complementary, supplementary, 

 synergistic, or antagonistic in their" influence* upon 

 given structures. Such correlations must be, for per- 

 fectly obvious reasons, one of the most primitive forms 

 of interprotonlasmic correlation, and we are justified, 

 upon the basis of our present knowledge, in the con- 

 clusion that each active part of a cell, each cell, each 

 tissue and each organ contributes products which may 

 affect the activities of functionally related or unrelated 

 parts. !! I would follow the dictum that not only it 

 every part of a cell, every cell, every (wtuf, and trrry 

 organ an individualited tlfreochemic unit, but alto that 

 its operation f. and hence the nature of its product*, mutt 

 be wbject directly or indirectly to the influence of tvtiy 

 other active part of the organism, korntr different the 

 tinctures and functions may be. 



