H1PPEASTRUM. 



405 



EFFECTS OF VARIOUS REAGENTS. 



The reaction with chloral hydrate begins in a few 

 grains in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 3 per cent of the entire number of grains and 5 

 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes ; in about 7 per 

 cent of the grains and 14 per cent of the total starch in 

 15 minutes; in about 14 per cent of the grains and 21 

 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes ; in about 18 per 

 cent of the grains and 25 per cent of the total starch in 

 45 minutes ; in about 25 per cent of the grains and 29 per 

 cent of the total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 22.) 



One or more bubbles appear at the hilum, more fre- 

 quently only 1, as in the parents; this bubble is very 

 persistent as in the parents, but expands more frequently 

 to greater size than in the parents, in which aspect the 

 grains are nearer to H. titan. A fissure at the hilum 

 (which becomes enlarged and more refractive) is more 

 frequently observed than in either parent, but this phe- 

 nomenon is more frequent in //. titan than in H. cleonia. 

 The lack of sharper definition of the lamella?, the refrac- 

 tivity of the entire grain, and the presence of a marginal 

 border of greater refractivity than the main body of the 

 grain are all similar to what is observed in the parents. 

 The same methods of gelatinization are observed as noted 

 in the parents; but not quite so many grains are at first 

 gelatinized at the distal margin as in H. titan, but more 

 than in //. cleonia; and the punctated appearance of the 

 grain previous to gelatinization is more frequent than 

 in either parent, but nearer to that of H. cleonia. The 

 appearance of fissures and of refractive granules during 

 the process is found nearly as often as in H. titan and 

 much more often than in //. cleonia. 



The gelatinized grains are swollen, and from slightly 

 to much distorted, a little more than in H. titan, but not 

 quite so much as in 77. cleonia. In this reaction H . tftan- 

 cleonia shows qualitatively a very close relationship to 

 both parents, but is somewhat closer to H . titan than to 

 //. cleonia. A character appearing in one parent may 

 be accentuated in the hybrid. 



The reaction with chromic acid begins in a few grains 

 in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in less than 

 0.5 per cent of the entire number of grains and 3 per 

 cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; in about 24 per 

 cent of the grains and 50 per cent of the total starch in 

 15 minutes; in about 35 per cent of the grains and 70 

 per cent of the total starch in 20 minutes; in about 50 

 per cent of the grains and 85 per cent of the total starch 

 in 25 minutes; in about 67 per cent of the grains and 95 

 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes ; in about 75 

 per cent of the grains and 98 per cent of the total starch 

 in 35 minutes; in 100 per cent of the grains and total 

 starch in 40 minutes. (Chart D 23.) 



The reaction with pyrogallic acid begins in 1 min- 

 ute. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 3 per cent 

 of the entire number of grains and 5 per cent of the total 

 starch in 5 minutes ; in about 25 per cent of the grains 

 and 55 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes ; in about 

 62 per cent of the grains and 75 per cent of the total 

 starch in 30 minutes ; in about 75 per cent of the grains 

 and 88 per cent of the total starch in 45 minutes; in 

 about 90 per cent of the grains and 97 per cent of the 

 total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 24.) 



The reaction with nitric acid begins in a few grains 

 in half a minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 2 per cent of the grains and 3 per cent of the total 

 starch in 5 minutes; in about 9 per cent of the grains 

 and 22 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes ; in about 

 the same percentage of the grains and 42 per cent of the 

 total starch in 30 minutes; in about 15 per cent of the 

 grains and 53 per cent of the total starch in 45 minutes ; 

 in about 29 per cent of the grains and 62 per cent of the 

 total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 25.) 



The hilum swells but no bubble is detected thereat 

 as noted in the parents. The entire grain becomes more 

 refractive and occasionally a few or many of the lamellae 

 may become more distinct, the definition being sharper 

 than in the parents. A refractive border is formed which 

 is somewhat more prominent than in the parents. Fis- 

 sures of a like character to those described in H . titan are 

 observed ; they are about as deep and profusely branched 

 as in H. titan; but deeper and more branched than in 

 H. cleonia. The various methods of gelatinization which 

 occur in this variety are as described in //. titan. The 

 most common course seems to proceed through the mesial 

 region, the outermost lamella of the entire margin being 

 more resistant than this central area, more frequently 

 than in the parents, but more like the grains of H . cleonia. 

 A pitted appearance of the entire grain sometimes pre- 

 cedes gelatinization, the refractive granules of such 

 grains and the striation of the outermost lamellae being 

 even more marked than in the parents, but more like in 

 H. cleonia. Gelatinization frequently begins at the distal 

 margin and advances towards the proximal end, not quite 

 so often as in H. titan but more frequently than in 

 H. cleonia. Gelatinization is preceded by the formation 

 of refractive granules which are not quite so resistant as 

 in H. titan, but much more so than in H. cleonia,. The 

 capsules are rarely slashed at several points after the 

 completion of the reaction, less frequently than in either 

 parent, but more like the grains of //. titan. 



The gelatinized grains are swollen and slightly to 

 considerably distorted as in the parents. Many grains 

 are but partially gelatinized while many others have not 

 advanced beyond the initial stages of the process, not 

 quite so many as in II. titan, but decidedly more than 

 in II. cleonia. 



In this reaction H. titan-cleonia shows qualitatively 

 a closer relationship to both parents, but is somewhat 

 closer to II. titan than to H. cleonia. A characteristic 

 appearing in the parents is frequently accentuated in the 

 offspring. 



The reaction with sulphuric acid begins immediately. 

 Complete gelatinization occurs in about 36 per cent of 

 the entire number of grains and 62 per cent of the total 

 starch in 5 minutes ; in about 85 per cent of the grains 

 and 96 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes; in 

 more than 99 per cent of both the grains and total starch 

 in 30 minutes. ( Chart D 26. ) 



The reaction with hydrochloric acid begins in a few 

 grains immediately. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 5 per cent of the entire number of grains and 6 per 

 cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; in about 14 per 

 cent of the grains and 28 per cent of the total starch 

 in 15 minutes; in about 25 per cent of the grains and 

 49 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes; in about 

 30 per cent of the grains and 57 per cent of the total 



