418 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



less than 0.5 per cent of the entire number of grains and 

 also total starch in 5 minutes ; in about 0.5 per cent of the 

 grains and 1 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes; 

 in about 1 per cent of the grains and 2 per cent of the 

 total starch in 30 minutes ; little if any further advance 

 in 45 and 60 minutes, respectively. (Chart D 56.) 



The reaction with uranium nitrate begins in rare 

 grains in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 less than 0.5 per cent of the entire number of grains and 

 total starch in 5 minutes; in about 0.5 per cent of the 

 grains and 1 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes; 

 in about 2 per cent of the grains and 4 per cent of the 

 total starch in 30 minutes; very slight advance in 45 

 minutes ; in about 3 per cent of the grains and 5 per cent 

 of the total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 57.) 



The reaction with strontium nitrate begins in a few 

 grains in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 1 per cent of the entire number of grains and 2 

 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes ; slight advance 

 in 15 minutes; in about 2 per cent of the grains and 

 4 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes ; in about 3 

 per cent of the grains and 6 per cent of the total starch 

 in 45 minutes; in about 9 per cent of the grains and 11 

 per cent of the total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 58.) 



The reaction with cobalt nitrate begins in rare grains 



1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in less 



in 



than 0.5 per cent of the entire number of grains and also 

 of the total starch in 5 minutes; in about 0.5 per cent 

 of the grains and 1 per cent of the total starch in 15 

 minutes ; slight progress in 30 and 45 minutes ; in about 

 1 per cent of the grains and 2 per cent of the total starch 

 in 60 minutes. (Chart D 59.) 



The reaction with copper nitrate begins in rare grains 

 in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in less than 

 0.5 per cent of the entire number of grains, and of total 

 starch in 5 minutes; in about 1 per cent of the grains 

 and 2 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes; little if 

 any progress noted in 30, 45, and 60 minutes, respec- 

 tively. (Chart D 60.) The process follows the same 

 course as that noted for the parents. 



The reaction with cupric chloride begins in very rare 

 grains in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 less than 0.5 per cent of the grains and of total starch in 

 45 minutes ; still in less than 0.5 per cent of the grains 

 of total starch in 15 minutes; in about 0.5 per cent of 

 the grains and 1 per cent of the total starch in 30 min- 

 utes ; little if any progress in 45 and 60 minutes, respec- 

 tively. (Chart D 61.) 



The reaction with barium chloride begins in very rare 

 grains in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 much less than 0.5 per cent of both the grains and total 

 starch in 5 minutes ; very little progress in 15, 30, 45, and 

 60 minutes, respectively. At the end of 60 minutes only 

 very rare grains are completely gelatinized, still less than 

 0.5 per cent, and gelatinization occurs in about 0.5 per 

 cent of the total starch. ( Chart D 62.) 



The reaction with mercuric chloride begins in very 

 rare grains in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs 

 in much less than 0.5 per cent of the grains and of total 

 starch in 5 minutes; slight progress in 15 and 30 min- 

 utes; still less than 0.5 per cent of the grains gelatinized 

 and 1 per cent of the total starch in 45 minutes; little 

 if any progress in 60 minutes. (Chart D 63.) 



4. STARCHES OF HIPPEASTRUM DJSONES, H. ZEPHYR, 



AND H. DRONES-ZEPHYR. 



HlPPEASTRUM DRONES (SEED PARENT). 



(Plate 3, fig. 13; Charts D 64 to D 84.) 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES. 



In form the grains are usually simple and isolated, 

 with the exception of a moderate number of aggregates 

 of usually 2, sometimes 3 or 4, grains linearly arranged. 

 There is also, a number of compound grains of two types, 

 the most common consists of two components, each of 

 which has a hilum surrounded by several lamellae and the 

 2 grains surrounded by one or two common secondary 

 lamellae. The other type shows 2 to 12 hila set close 

 together and surrounded by 10 to 20 common secondary 

 lamella?. Long, narrow, root- or finger-like aggregates 

 or compound grains are characteristic of this starch. The 

 grains are often somewhat irregular in form and any 

 irregularities are due to the following causes: (1) To 

 nipple-like and finger-like protuberances from the proxi- 

 mal or distal ends or from the sides; (2) shallow notches 

 and wide depressions in the margin at various points; 

 (3) a secondary set of lamellae whose longitudinal axis 

 is at an angle with that of the primary set; (4) a devia- 

 tion of the longitudinal axis of the primary lamellae with 

 a consequent bending of the grain at one end. The con- 

 spicuous forms are round, nearly round, broad and narrow 

 ovoid, plano-convex, and lenticular. There are also 

 triangular, long narrow elliptical, irregularly quadrilat- 

 eral with rounded corners, and pyriform. They are not 

 flattened. 



The hilum is a distinct, moderately small, round or 

 lenticular spot which is frequently hollowed out into a 

 cavity and less frequently fissured. The fissuring takes 

 the form of a small irregular Y or of a large irregularly 

 branching, transverse, oblique, or longitudinal line. 

 Often the hila of compound grains are separated by fis- 

 sures which do not reach the margin of the grain. The 

 hilum is sometimes centric, but is usually eccentric from 

 0.45 to 0.3, usually 0.38, of the longitudinal axis. 



The lamellce are moderately distinct, rather fine, 

 continuous rings. Near the hilum they are circular or 

 lenticular according to the form of the hilum ; through- 

 out the rest of the grain they are variable in form, only 

 near the margin do they conform to the outline of the 

 grain. The number of lamellae counted on the common- 

 sized and large grains varies from 10 to 25, usually 18. 



The size of the smaller grains varies from 3 by 3/* 

 to the larger broad forms which are 40 by 36^ or even 

 26 by 40/A in length and breadth, and the larger elon- 

 gated forms which are 40 by 30/j. in length and breadth. 

 The common sizes are 26 by 16/*, 26 by 26/*, and 26 



POLAKISCOPIC PROPERTIES. 



The figure varies from centric to very eccentric. The 

 lines vary from fine to moderately coarse, more frequently 

 the former, and while they intersect obliquely in the ma- 

 jority of the grains yet the intersection may be at right 

 angles or may be arranged as a median line with bisected 

 ends. The lines are usually straight with broadening 

 at the margin, yet they may be either bent or bisected. 

 Double and multiple figures are quite numerous. 



The degree of polarization is high to very high (value 

 80) and varies in the different grains from moderately 



