464 



DATA OP PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



closely resembles that noted in C. moorei than in C. zey- 

 lanicum. Gelatinization begins and proceeds as noted 

 in the parents; it follows at the proximal end in a less 

 number of grains than in C. moorei, but in somewhat 

 more than in C. zeylanicum. The resistant portion is 

 more frequently at the proximal end and sides nearby 

 than in C. moorei, but not so frequently as in C. zeylani- 

 cum. Fissures are much more frequently formed during 

 gelatinization than in C. moorei, about the same as in 

 C. zeylanicum. The gelatinized grains are much swollen 

 and distorted so that they do not resemble the untreated 

 grain as in both parents. The reactions exhibit a much 

 closer relationship to C. zeylanicum than to C. moorei; 

 yet characteristics of the latter are more prominent with 

 this reagent than with many others. 



The reaction with calcium nitrate begins in very few 

 grains in 1.5 minutes. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 only very rare grains and in less than 0.5 per cent of 

 the total starch in 5 minutes; in about 0.5 per cent of 

 the entire number of grains and 0.5 per cent of the total 

 starch in 45 minutes; and in about 1 per cent of the 

 grains and 2.5 per cent of the total starch in 60 min- 

 utes. (Chart D 140.) 



The reaction with uranium nitrate begins in rare 

 grains in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 only rare grains and in about 0.5 per cent of the total 

 starch in 5 minutes ; in less than 0.5 per cent of the grains 

 and 1 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes ; in about 

 the same percentage of grains and 2 per cent of the total 

 starch in 45 minutes ; and in about the same percentages 

 of both at the end of 60 minutes. (Chart D 141.) 



The reaction with strontium nitrate begins in rare 

 grains in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 0.5 per cent of the entire number of grains and 

 1.5 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; in 1 per 

 cent of the grains and 2.5 per cent of the total starch in 

 15 minutes; in about 3.5 per cent of the grains and 5 per 

 cent of the total starch in 30 minutes ; in about 4 per cent 

 of the grains and 5.5 per cent of the total starch in 45 

 minutes ; and in 5 per cent of the grains and 6.5 per cent 

 of the total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 142.) 



The reaction with cobalt nitrate begins in very rare 

 grains in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization of any of the 

 grains was not observed, and the process had begun in 

 much less than 0.5 per cent of the entire number of 

 grains and about 0.5 per cent of the total starch was 

 gelatinized in 5 minutes. Very slight progress, or less 

 than 1 per cent of the total starch, was gelatinized in 15, 

 30, 45, and 60 minutes respectively. At the end of 60 

 minutes complete gelatinization has occurred in but rare 

 grains, and started in but few more. (Chart D 143.) 



The fissures are affected in about the same manner, 

 but those of the untreated grain are less prominent, and 

 the branching becomes less prominent after treatment 

 with this reagent, than in C. zeylanicum, to the reaction 

 of which, as a whole, there is a closer resemblance than 

 to those of C. moorei. 



The reaction with copper nitrate begins in very rare 

 grains in 1 minute. Gelatinization begins in much less 

 than 0.5 per cent of the grains and less than 0.5 per cent 

 of the total starch is gelatinized in 5 minutes. Very 

 slight progress occurs in 15, 30, 45 minutes, respectively. 

 Only rare scattered grains, usually the smaller, are com- 

 pletely gelatinized, and less than 0.5 per cent of the grains 



are completely and only about 0.5 per cent of the total 

 starch gelatinized in 60 minutes. (Chart D144.) 



Gelatinization proceeds through the mesial portion 

 along the course of the fissures, the distal margin being 

 much less resistant than the proximal end and sides as 

 noted for both parents. Very few grains were observed 

 undergoing gelatinization, the capsule at the distal mar- 

 gin was not ruffled or extended as was observed in C. 

 moorei, and as in as few grains of 0. zeylanicum. The 

 reactions exhibit a closer relationship to those of G. zey- 

 lanicum than to C. moorei. 



The reaction with cupric chloride begins in very rare 

 grains in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization was not 

 observed in any grains, the process has begun in much 

 less than 0.5 per cent of the grains and less than 0.5 per 

 cent of the total starch was gelatinized in 5 minutes. 

 Very slight progress occurs in 15 minutes. Complete 

 gelatinization occurs in less than 0.5 per cent of the 

 entire number of grains and in 0.5 per cent of the total 

 starch in 30 minutes ; in about 0.5 per cent of the entire 

 number of grains and about 1 per cent of the total starch 

 in 45 minutes; and about 1.25 per cent of each in 60 

 minutes. (Chart D 145.) The methods of gelatiniza- 

 tion more closely resemble those observed in C. zeylanir 

 cum than in C. moorei, but the capsule at the distal mar- 

 gin is less likely to be ruffled than in either parent. 



The reaction with barium chloride begins in less than 

 0.5 per cent of the entire number of grains and gela- 

 tinization is complete in less than 0.5 per cent of the 

 total starch in 5 minutes. Almost no progress can be 

 detected at the end of 60 minutes. The qualitative 

 reactions are almost exactly the same as in C. zeylanicum, 

 the main difference being noticeable in a less depth of 

 fissuration than in this species. (Chart D 146.) 



The reaction with mercuric chloride begins in very 

 rare grains in 3 minutes. Gelatinization begins in much 

 less than 0.5 per cent of the entire number of grains and 

 is complete in about 0.25 per cent of the total starch in 

 5 minutes. Very little progress occurs in 15, 30, 45, 

 and 60 minutes. (Chart D 147.) The reaction begins 

 immediately by the enlargement and greater refractivity 

 of the cleft and fissures at and proceeding from the 

 hilum, as in both parents. These fissures are much more 

 often found in the untreated grain than in C. moorei, 

 but are not so deep nor so frequently present as in C. 

 zeylanicum, and hence the enlargement and change of 

 refractivity are not quite so conspicuous as in the latter 

 species. The reaction much less closely resembles that 

 observed in 0. moorei than in C. zeylanicum, but the 

 fissures do not extend to the distal margin in as many 

 grains of the hybrid as in C. zeylanicum. The reactions 

 exhibit a much closer relationship to C. zeylanicum than 

 to C. moorei. 



8. STARCHES OF CKINUM ZEYLANICUM, C. LONGI- 



FOLIUM, AND C. KIRCAPE. 



C. zeylanicum is described on pages 454 to 459. 

 STARCH OF CKINDM LONGIFOLIUM (POLLEN PARENT). 



(Plate 5. figs. 26 and 28; Charts D 148 to D 168.) 

 HISTOLOQIC PBOPERTIES. 



In form the majority of the grains are simple and iso- 

 lated with the exception of a few which appear in aggre- 

 gates of from 2 to 4, usually 2, components. Compound 



