474 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



C. zeylanicum ; but this method was not observed in C. 

 longifolium. In other grains gelatinization is more 

 rapid in the mesial portion near the hilum, the lamellae 

 forming the refractive band at the distal margin being 

 the more resistant and breaking into more refractive 

 granules which are sometimes linearly arranged. This 

 method was not observed in C. zeylanicum, but usually 

 in C. longifolium. The narrow refractive band at the 

 hilum and sides nearby is the most resistant part, as in 

 both parents. The gelatinized grains are much swollen, 

 but completely gelatinized grains are scarce. Many 

 grains, however, are wholly gelatinized with the exception 

 of a few scattered, very brilliant granules which are 

 located around the margin. A small group of granules at 

 the proximal end is somewhat less often seen than in C. 

 zeylanicum, but much more often than in C. longi- 

 folium. The wall of the gelatinized grain is usually 

 thick throughout, with little distortion, thicker and less 

 distorted at the distal end than in C. zeylanicum, but 

 thicker and with about the same distortion as in C. longi- 

 folium. The gelatinized grains bear a general resem- 

 blance to the untreated grain. The qualitative reactions 

 in the majority of grains more closely follow those of 

 C. zeylanicum, but several show marked resemblance to 

 those of C. longifolium. 



The reaction with potassium sulphide begins in a 

 few grains in half a minute. Complete gelatinization 

 occurs in about 0.5 per cent of the entire number of 

 grains and 1 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes ; in 

 about the same percentage of grains and 2 per cent of 

 the total starch in 15 minutes; in about 1 per cent of the 

 grains and 3 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes ; 

 in about the same percentage of each in 45 minutes and 

 60 minutes respectively. (Chart D 157.) 



The fissures at and proceeding from the hilum are 

 much enlarged and very refractive. A large bubble 

 quickly forms and is soon expelled as the fissures lose 

 their refractivity. A bubble is much more commonly 

 observed and the refractivity is more quickly lost than in 

 C. zeylanicum; the bubble is more frequently inclosed 

 within a fissure, and enlarges more, but is expelled some- 

 what less quickly, than in C. longifolium. The lamellae 

 become distinct and striated over more of the grain than 

 in C. zeylanicum, but they are not so frequently distinct 

 near the hilum as in C. longifolium. The fissures are 

 much branched and very deep, the arrangement and 

 depth more closely resembling that of C. zeylanicum than 

 of C. longifolium. A refractive border penetrated by a 

 separate set of fissures is more common than in either 

 parent, but closer to C. zeylanicum than to C. longifolium. 

 Gelatinization frequently begins in a clear lamella which 

 serves as a boundary between the main body of the grain 

 and the refractive border, followed by gelatinization 

 of this border with distention of the capsule. This gela- 

 tinized portion may remain bounded distally, and some- 

 times laterally, by a narrow refractive band which is 

 frequently gradually disorganized into linearly arranged 

 granules previous to gelatinization. This gelatinized 

 border may eventually be quite broad, but seldom is it 

 much ruffled. This method was not observed in either 

 parent. Gelatinization begins more frequently in this 

 border which is bounded for a longer period at the ex- 

 treme distal margin by an ungelatinized portion, and is 

 eventually deeper but less distorted, than in the parents. 



Gelatinization in the majority of the grains, however, 

 proceeds along the courses of fissures from the hilum 

 through the mesial portion, this region being broken 

 down into refractive granules; a larger number of the 

 scattered, very brilliant granules appearing than in either 

 parent, but closer to C. zeylanicum than to C. longi- 

 folium. The most resistant portion of the grain is the 

 border at the proximal end and sides nearby, which is 

 gelatinized frequently without breaking into linearly 

 arranged granules, as in the parents. 



The gelatinized grains are much swollen and some- 

 what distorted, more swollen and distorted than in C. 

 zeylanicum, but less distorted than in C. longifolium. 

 The grains are frequently not completely gelatinized, a 

 refractive border and scattered very refractive granules 

 which very often are grouped around the hilum may 

 remain. The border is less frequently and the granules 

 more frequently observed than in C. zeylanicum, but 

 both are more frequently present than in C. longifolium. 

 The qualitative reactions exhibit a closer relationship 

 to C. zeylanicum than to C. longifolium, but a closer rela- 

 tionship to the latter is evident in some grains ; and also 

 marked individualities of its own are observed. 



The reaction with sodium hydroxide begins in a few 

 grains in half a minute. Complete gelatinization occurs 

 in about 1 per cent of the entire number of grains and 

 3 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes ; in about 2.5 

 per cent of the grains and 20 per cent of the total starch 

 in 15 minutes; in a/bout 7 per cent of the grains and 29 

 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes; in about 15 

 per cent of the grains and 33 per cent of the total starch 

 in 45 minutes ; and in about the same percentage of each 

 in 60 minutes. (Chart D 158.) 



The reaction with sodium sulphide begins in a few 

 grains in half a minute. Complete gelatinization occurs 

 in about 1 per cent of the entire number of grains and 

 2 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; in about 5 

 per cent of the grains and 12 per cent of the total starch 

 in 15 minutes; in about 11 per cent of the grains and 

 27 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes ; in about 

 14 per cent of the grains and 35 per cent of the total 

 starch in 45 minutes ; and in about 22 per cent of the 

 grains and 42 per cent of the total starch in 60 minutes. 

 (Chart D 159.) 



A bubble appears at the hilum and is usually in- 

 closed within an enlarged fissure, and it expands to a 

 great size, even more than in either parent. The lamellae 

 become sharply defined over more of the grains than in 

 either parent. The refractive border, in which the 

 lamellae are not clearly defined, is more prominent than 

 in the parents, and frequently extends around the entire 

 margin, which was not observed in C. zeylanicum, but 

 seen in C. longifolium. Fisstfres are seen having the 

 same general characters, but deeper and even more pro- 

 fusely branched, than in the parents ; but their directions 

 are closer to those of C. zeylanicum. The mesial region is 

 disorganized with the appearance of refractive granules ; 

 they are not so numerous, but scattered ones are more 

 refractive, than in C. zeylanicum; they are much more 

 numerous and refractive than in C. longifolium. The 

 reaction more frequently begins either at the distal mar- 

 gin or in a clear brilliant lamella a short distance from 

 this margin, followed by gelatinization of the distal 

 margin with greater distention of the capsule but with 



