546 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



grain. The gelatinized grains are much swollen, have 

 rather thick capsules, and are much distorted. 



Comparison of the sulphuric-acid reactions between 

 N. poeticus ornatus and N. telamonius plenus shows: 



A bubble is not so often formed at the hilum as in 

 2V. telamonius plenus, and the lamellce are less distinct 

 than in the grains of that starch. Gelatinization pro- 

 gresses according to two methods, one of which is in 

 general the same as that described in IV. telamonius 

 plenus and occurs in the majority of the grains of IV. 

 poeticus ornatus. The main points of difference noted 

 are that the primary starch is gelatinized more nearly 

 at the same time as the secondary starch, instead of later, 

 and there is very rarely preliminary fissuring of the sec- 

 ondary starch by concentric fissures. In the second 

 method 2 furrows or actual fissures extend transversely 

 or sometimes obliquely from either side of the hilum 

 nearly to the margin, and the starch included between 

 them is transformed into a finely granular mass which 

 often shows somewhat of a lamellar arrangement. This 

 lamellated appearance is quickly lost and the whole 

 melts down into a gelatinous mass with much swelling 

 and distortion of the capsule. The more resistant 

 material at the proximal end and sides nearby is pushed 

 to the margin, where it forms a homogeneous-looking, 

 refractive marginal band which is soon gelatinized. The 

 gelatinized grains are much swollen, have thicker cap- 

 sules, and are more distorted than those of 2V. telamonius 

 plenus. 



NARCISSUS DOUBLOON (HYBRID). 



(Plate 11, fig. 63; Charts D 293 to D 298.) 

 HISTOLOOIC PBOPEBTIEB. 



In form the grains are usually simple and isolated, 

 and there are fewer aggregates and compound grains 

 than in either parent. The compound grains belong to 

 the same types in the same order of frequency of occur- 

 rence as in N. telamonius plenus. The aggregates are the 

 same as in both parents. There are not so many simple 

 grains in which a primary grain is seen surrounded by 

 several layers of secondary starch as in 2V. telamonius 

 plenus, but more than in 2V. poeticus ornatus. The 

 grains are usually regular, as in 2V. telamonius plenus, 

 and any irregularities which occur are due to the same 

 causes, with the addition of two which are seen in 2V. 

 poeticus ornatus and which are: (1) Pressure facets on 

 the sides and distal end, and (2) regular, radiating 

 elevations and depressions in the surface and margin, 

 giving a fluted appearance to the grain. The con- 

 spicuous forms are : Nearly round, broad, ovoid and 

 slender ovoid, elliptical, and irregularly polygonal. The 

 additional forms : are lenticular, dome-shaped, plano- 

 convex, clam-shell, and pyriform. The grains are not 

 flattened. 



In formN. doubloon shows a somewhat closer relation- 

 ship to 2V. telamonius plenus than to 2V. poeticus ornatus, 

 though the three starches resemble one another closely. 



The hilum when not fissured is as distinct as in 2V. 

 telamonius plenus; it is as often fissured as in that starch ; 

 and the fissures have the same forms and the forms have 

 the same order of frequency of occurrence. The hilum 

 is sometimes centric, but in the great majority of the 

 grains is eccentric from 0.45 to 0.27, usually 0.34, of 

 the longitudinal axis. 



In the character of the hilum 2V. doubloon shows a 

 somewhat closer relationship to 2V. telamonius plenus 

 than to 2V. poeticus ornatus. The degree of eccentricity 

 so nearly corresponds in all three starches that no satis- 

 factory differentiation can be based on this point. 



The lamellae are, as in 2V. telamonius plenus, moder- 

 ately distinct, rather coarse, continuous rings which 

 follow the form of the outline of the grain, and are 

 more distinct in the secondary than in the primary starch 

 of those grains. The number counted on the larger 

 grains varies from 6 to 12, usually 8. 



In the character of the lamellae 2V. doubloon shows a 

 closer relationship to 2V. telamonius plenus than to 2V. 

 poeticus ornatus. 



The size of the grains varies from the smaller which 

 are 3 by 3/t, to the larger which are 20 by 30/i and 22 

 by 24/*, in length and breadth. The common sizes are 

 16 by 16/t, 8 by 16/*, and 16 by 10/n. 



In size 2V. doubloon shows a somewhat closer relation- 

 ship to 2V. poeticus ornatus than to 2V. telamonius plenus. 

 It is much smaller than either of the parents, which are 

 very close to one another; but 2V. poeticus ornatus is 

 slightly smaller than 2V. telamonius plenus. 



POLA.RISCOPIC PROPERTIES. 



The figure is moderately distinct and somewhat more 

 poorly defined than in 2V. poeticus ornatus. The lines 

 cross at an acute angle and are as often bent and bisected 

 as in 2V. poeticus ornatus. The figure, however, is more 

 frequently in the form of a conjugate hyperbola or of a 

 long line bisected at both ends than in that starch. 



The degree of polarization varies from low to very 

 high (value 45) the same as in 2V. telamonius plenus, 

 with the same proportion of grains with a moderate, a 

 high, and a very high degree of polarization and the 

 same amount of variation in a given aspect of the indi- 

 vidual grains. 



With selenite the quadrants, as in 2V. poeticus ornatus, 

 are moderately well defined, unequal in size, and often 

 irregular in shape. The colors are usually not pure. 



In the character of the figure and the appearance 

 with selenite 2V. doubloon shows a closer relationship to 

 2V. poeticus ornatus, and in the degree of polarization to 

 2V. telamonius plenus. 



IODINE REACTIONS. 



With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains are 

 all colored a moderate violet tinged with blue (value 

 45), the same as in 2V. telamonius plenus, and the color 

 deepens with moderate rapidity until they are very 

 deeply colored and have more of a bluish tint. With 

 0.125 per cent Lugol's solution the grains are all colored 

 a light violet, the same as in 2V. telamonius plenus. 

 After heating in water until all the grains are gelatinized 

 and then adding a 2 per cent Lugol's solution, the gela- 

 tinized grains all color a moderate indigo and the solu- 

 tion a deep indigo, as in 2V. telamonius plenus. If the 

 preparation is boiled for 2 minutes and a 2 per cent 

 Lugol's solution is then added, most of the grain-residues 

 color a light indigo, but in some only the capsules are 

 stained ; the capsules color a reddish violet and the solu- 

 tion a very deep indigo-blue, as in 2V. telamonius plenus. 



Qualitatively and quantitatively the reaction with 

 iodine of 2V. doubloon shows a closer relationship to 2V. 

 telamonius plenus than to 2V. poeticus ornatus. 



