584 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



swollen, have as thick capsules, and are as distorted as in 

 N. monarch. In this reaction N. lord roberts shows 

 qualitatively a somewhat closer relationship to IV. ma- 

 dame de graaff than to N. monarch. 



The reaction with nitric acid begins immediately. 

 Complete gelatinization occurs in about 3 per cent of 

 the entire number of grains and 10 per cent of the total 

 starch in 5 minutes; in about 31 per cent of the grains 

 and 62 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes; in 

 about 42 per cent of the grains and 70 per cent of the 

 total starch in 30 minutes; in about 47 per cent of the 

 grains and 73 per cent of the total starch in 45 minutes ; 

 and in about 50 per cent of the grains and 76 per cent 

 of the total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 333.) 



The hilum is distinct as in the parents, and the 

 lamellae are at first more distinct than in either parent, 

 but evidence of a lamellar structure is no more per- 

 sistent than in N. madame de graaff. Gelatinization 

 begins at the hilum and follows two methods of pro- 

 cedure, as described in N. monarch and noted in both 

 parents. The method described for the majority of the 

 grains of N. monarch is followed in a small majority 

 of these grains, but in a manner corresponding to that 

 of the grains of N. madame de graaff, and a large 

 minority follow very closely the method described for a 

 small minority of the grains of N. madame de graaff. 

 The gelatinized grains are as swollen and have as thick 

 a capsule and are as much distorted as in N. monarch. 



In this reaction N. lord roberts shows qualitatively 

 a somewhat closer relationship to N. madame de graaff 

 than to N. monarch. 



The reaction with sulphuric acid begins immediately. 

 Complete gelatinization occurs in about 82 per cent of 

 the entire number of grains and 95 per cent of the total 

 starch in 2 minutes, and in about 95 per cent of the 

 grains and in more than 99 per cent of the total starch 

 in 5 minutes. (Chart D 334.) 



The hilum as in N. monarch becomes distinct, at- 

 tended by the formation of a bubble in a moderate num- 

 ber of grains. The lamellae are usually not distinct at 

 first, but become as distinct as in the parents during the 

 reaction. Gelatinization begins in the interior of the 

 grains and progresses according to the two methods de- 

 scribed under N. monarch, the only difference noted 

 being that there is a larger minority of the grains that 

 follows the second method, which is seen in a small minor- 

 ity of the grains of both N. monarch and N. madame de 

 graaff. The first method is not found in any of the grains 

 of N. madame de graaff. The gelatinized grains are 

 as much swollen, have as thin capsules, and are as much 

 distorted as in N. monarch. In this reaction N. lord 

 roberts shows, qualitatively, a closer relationship to N. 

 monarch than to N. madame de graaff. 



23. STARCHES OF N. LEEDSII MINNIE HUME, N. TEI- 

 . ANDEUS ALBUS, AND N. AGNES HARVEY. 



NARCISSUS LEEDSII MINNIE HUME (SEED PARENT). 



(Plate 14, fig. 82; Charts D 335 to D 340.) 

 HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES. 



In form the grains are usually simple and isolated, 

 but there are moderate numbers of both compound grains 

 and aggregates. The compound grains belong to the 

 following two types: (1) A large grain to the side or 



distal end of which 1, rarely 2, small grains have become 

 adherent, and all later inclosed in 1 or 2 common second- 

 ary lamellaa; (2) 2 or more small grains which have 

 become adherent to one another, and all later surrounded 

 by 3 or 4 common secondary lamellae. The aggregates 

 consist of 2 or 3 small grains of equal sizes, usually 

 linearly arranged. There are a few of the simple grains 

 which show clearly that they have been formed in two 

 periods of starch formation, and have a small primary 

 grain surrounded by 3 or 4 secondary lamellae. The 

 grains are somewhat irregular, and the irregularities 

 are due to the following causes : ( 1 ) Small, irregular ele- 

 vations and depressions of the surfaces and margins; 



(2) 1 or 2 protuberances of varying size which are usually 

 pointed; (3) a slight deviation of the long axis, usually 

 near the middle, with a consequent bending of the grain. 

 The conspicuous forms are ovoid, elliptical, triangular 

 with rounded bases and angles, and plano-convex. The 

 additional forms are irregularly quadrilateral with 

 rounded angles, round and nearly round, and reniform. 

 Some of the broad forms are somewhat flattened, the 

 others are not. 



The hilum, when not fissured, is a moderately distinct, 

 small, round or lenticular spot. It is usually fissured 

 but not deeply or extensively. The fissures have the fol- 

 lowing forms: (1) A single straight, transverse, oblique, 

 or longitudinal line; (2) Y, T, V, or cruciate forms; 



(3) dragon-fly or flying-bird-shaped ; (4) an irregu- 

 larly stellate collection of fissures. The hilum is some- 

 times centric, but in the majority of the grains it is 

 eccentric from 0.45 to 0.25, usually 0.33, of the longi- 

 tudinal axis. 



The lamella; are moderately distinct in most of the 

 grains, especially near the hilum, but are not visible 

 in a few grains. They are rather fine, regular, con- 

 tinuous rings which follow, in general, the form of the 

 outline of the grain. The number counted on some of 

 the larger grains varies from 10 to 15, usually 12. 



In size the grains vary from the smaller which are 

 3 by 3/x, to the larger broad forms, which are 48 by 50/j, 

 and 44 by 44/*, and the larger elongated forms which 

 are 44 by 36/A, in length and breadth. The common sizes 

 are 28 by 26/t and 28 by 28/i. 



POLARISCOPIC PROPERTIES. 



The figure is usually distinct and moderately well 

 defined. The lines usually cross at an acute angle, which 

 does not vary greatly in size in the different grains, and 

 they are often bent and occasionally bisected, and there 

 are sometimes 5 or 6 lines instead of but 4. The figure, 

 in a moderate number of grains, has the form of a conju- 

 gated hyperbola, or of a long line bisected at both ends. 



The degree of polarization varies from low to high 

 (value 45), and in most of the grains is moderate or 

 low to moderate. There is usually some variation in a 

 given aspect of an individual grain. 



With selenite the quadrants are moderately clean- 

 cut, and are unequal in size, and often irregular in shape. 

 The colors are usually not pure, and there are a few 

 which have a greenish tinge. 



IODINE REACTIONS. 



With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution, the grains all 

 color a moderately deep violet tinged with blue (value 

 60), and the color deepens rapidly until the grains are all 



