PHAIUS. 



741 



mal end, not noted in P. grandifolius; the long blunt 

 extension at the end is much more frequent than in P. 

 grandifolius; abrupt shifting of the longitudinal axis is 

 much more common ; a pointed spicule-like and a flared 

 refractive excrescence or addition to the distal end are 

 less often observed ; and secondary lamellae are more nu- 

 merous and much more frequently placed at a right angle 

 to the proximal end and arranged bilaterally at the distal 

 end, than in P. grandifolius. The conspicuous forms are 

 ovoid, often elongated with broadened and squared distal 

 end ; pyriform with broadened distal end, and also fre- 

 quently with elongated tapering proximal end; bottle- 

 or ten-pin-shaipe and club-shape, the latter sometimes 

 curved. Additional forms are triangular with rounded 

 angles; pure ovoid; quadrangular with rounded angles 

 and curved sides ; boot-, pipe-, hatchet-shape, and grains 

 of indefinite shape. Both the conspicuous and the addi- 

 tional forms are more varied in shape and of a more 

 slender type than in P. grandifolius. The grains are 

 flattened, some much more than others, and when viewed 

 on edge are of about the same form as in P. grandifolius. 



The hilum is distinct in more grains and slightly more 

 refractive than in P. grandifolius. It is either a lenticu- 

 lar or round, usually non-refractive to slightly refractive, 

 occasionally quite refractive, spot as in P. grandifolius. 

 A small, longitudinal, slit-like cavity at the hilum is rare, 

 though more frequent than in P. grandifolius. The 

 hilum is rarely fissured as in P. grandifolius; but 

 the oblique fissures which extend from the hilum and are 

 almost immediately deflected so as to be about parallel 

 to each other are somewhat more frequent than in P. 

 grandifolius. The range of eccentricity of the hilum 

 varies from 0.2 to 0.03; commonly 0.08 to 0.05 of the 

 longitudinal axis. There is a greater variation, with the 

 mean less eccentric, than in P. grandifolius. 



The lamella in their general characteristics and 

 arrangement are about the same as in P. grandifolius. 

 The refractive proximal and lateral band is more nu- 

 merous and varies more in width; a group of undulat- 

 ing lamelloe, either about the middle or nearer the distal 

 end of the grain, is rarely observed, less often than in 

 P. grandifolius. Secondary sets of lamella? are more 

 numerous, often larger and more variably located, much 

 more frequently being either bilateral and located at 

 either side of a pointed distal end, or unilateral and 

 placed at right angles to the proximal end or even inclos- 

 ing the primary set than in P. grandifolius. The num- 

 ber on much-elongated grains may reach 130, but is about 

 1 00 on the usual large sized grains, about the same as in 

 P. grandifolius. 



The size of the grains varies from the smaller which 

 are 7 by 5/t, to the larger which are 116 by 50^, in 

 length and breadth. The common size is about 78 by 

 36/j. in length and breadth. The larger grains are shorter 

 and broader than in P. grandifolius. 



POLARISCOPIC PROPERTIES. 



The figure is usually very eccentric, although a larger 

 proportion is less eccentric than in P. grandifolius, hence 

 a greater variation with the mean less eccentric. The 

 lines are fine and intersect obliquely as in P. grandifolius, 

 but they are much more often bent, with more distortion 

 and also more frequently bisected, than in P. grandi- 

 folius. A larger proportion of double figures is observed. 



The degree of polarization is moderate to very high, 

 with the majority high (value 80). There is greater 

 variation in the different grains, with the mean lower 

 than in P. grandifolius. A great variation is also often 

 found in the same aspect of a given grain, more often than 

 in P. grandifolius. 



With selcnite the quadrants are usually well defined, 

 unequal in size, and generally quite irregular in shape, 

 much more of the latter than in P. grandifolius. The 

 colors show the same kinds of impurity as in P. grandi- 

 folius, more of the orange and purplish tint but less of 

 the greenish tinge and iridescence; taking the mean of 

 both ends of the scale, the purity is about as in P. 

 grandifolius. 



IODINE REACTIONS. 



With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains imme- 

 diately color a light to moderate blue-violet which is 

 slightly less bluish in tint and lighter than in P. grandi- 

 folius (value 40). The color deepens rapidly with 

 greater variation among the different grains, the mean 

 not quite so bluish nor so deep as in P. grandifolius. 

 With 0.125 per cent Lugol's solution the grains imme- 

 diately color a light blue-violet which is slightly lighter 

 and less bluish than in P. grandifolius; the color deepens 

 rapidly, but there is much more variation in depth among 

 the different grains, the mean being slightly lighter 

 and less bluish than in P. grandifolius. After heating 

 in water until the grains are gelatinized and then adding 

 2 per cent Lugol's solution the grains become a moder- 

 ately deep to deep blue, many with reddish tint ; there is 

 greater variation among the different grains, with the 

 mean somewhat lighter than in P. grandifolius; the 

 solution is about the same depth. If the preparation is 

 boiled for 2 minutes and then treated with an excess of 

 2 per cent Lugol's solution, the grain-residues, of which 

 but few remain, though more than in P. grandifolius, 

 become a moderately deep blue with reddish tint, deeper 

 and a little less reddish than in P. grandifolius; most 

 of the capsules become either a deep old-rose or deep 

 reddish-heliotrope, with a few wine-red; the color is 

 more varied, the mean a little less reddish than in P. 

 grandifolius. 



ANILINE REACTIONS. 



With gentian violet the grains immediately color 

 very lightly, and in 30 minutes they are light to moder- 

 ately deep in color, fewer of the latter than in P. grandi- 

 folius (value 50) ; the depth is more varied, with the 

 mean lighter than in F. grandifolius. The variation in 

 depth of the different parts of the grain is about the 

 same as in P. grandifolius, with the exception that when 

 the secondary set of lamella? is as large or larger than the 

 main body of the grain, which occurs frequently in this 

 species, there is generally no difference in depth between 

 the secondary set and the main body of the grain. 



With safranin the grains immediately color very 

 lightly and in 30 minutes they are light to moderately 

 deep, a little deeper than with gentian violet (value 55), 

 the grains are more varied in depth, with the mean some- 

 what lighter than in P. grandifolius. The variation 

 in depth of tint is the same as noted with gentian violet. 



TEMPERATURE REACTIONS. 



The majority of the grains are gelatinized at 64 

 to 65 C., and of all but rare resistant grains at 67 



