CALANTHE. 



775 



larges and the grain swells a broad, striated marginal 

 band is formed by the more resistant starch which is 

 divided into many wedge-shaped portions by wide fis- 

 sures. This band becomes narrower and more nearly 

 transparent, the granules which were first formed about 

 the hilum are gelatinized and the grain is gelatinized. 

 In a small number of grains the capsule is dissolved and 

 the contents flow out and are dissolved before gelatiniza- 

 tion is complete, but in not so many as in C. rosea. The 

 gelatinized grains are larger than in C. vestita var. 

 rubro-oculata, and have thicker capsules and retain more 

 of the form of the untreated grain. 



The reaction with sodium salicylate begins imme- 

 diately. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 12 per 

 cent of the entire number of grains and 15 per cent of the 

 total starch in 5 minutes; in about 75 per cent of the 

 grains and 83 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes; 

 in about 98 per cent of the grains and in more than 99 

 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes. (Chart 

 D626.) 



The hilum unlike C. rosea is usually moderately dis- 

 tinct, and a small bubble is formed there. The lamella! 

 are not visible. As in C. rosea a narrow and not very 

 refractive band is formed about the margin before gela- 

 tinization begins and is more noticeable at the proximal 

 end than elsewhere. Gelatinization, unlike the grains of 

 C. rosea, begins at the distal margin where it is pre- 

 ceded by a pitted appearance of the surface of the grain, 

 and proceeds evenly toward the proximal end, by causing 

 small granules to be broken off from the edges of the 

 ungelatinized starch and gelatinized. After the lower 

 third of the grain has been gelatinized, two methods of 

 progress are noted, of which the first is seen in the less 

 resistant grains. A refractive line extends centrally from 

 the hilum to the gelatinized starch at the distal end ; the 

 hilum swells slightly, the bubble enlarges very little, then 

 shrinks and disappears, and the central portion of the 

 grain, along the refractive line already mentioned, gela- 

 tinizes, leaving the marginal and proximal starch ungela- 

 tinized; these later gelatinize, the proximal starch being 

 the most resistant. In the more resistant grains the 

 other method is noted, and this consists of an even 

 progression of gelatinization upward in all parts of the 

 grain until the hilum is reached, which swells slightly, the 

 bubble shrinks and disappears, and the proximal starch, 

 which is the most resistant, is broken into 2 or 3 pieces 

 which are slowly gelatinized. The gelatinized grains as in 

 C. rosea are large and considerably distorted, and do 

 not have much of the form of the untreated grain. 



CALANTHE VEITCHII (HYBRID). 



(Charts D 619 to D 626.) 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES ( See Foot-note, page 7C9 ) . 

 In form most of the grains appear to be simple and 

 are isolated with the exception of a few which are found 

 in aggregates of from 2 to 3 components. The aggre- 

 gates are more numerous than in C. rosea, about as in 

 C. vestita var. rubro-oculata. Compound and semi-com- 

 pound grains are rarely observed, somewhat more fre- 

 quently than in C. rosea, less frequently than in C. vestita 

 var. rubro-oculata. The separation of the grains into 

 simple, compound, etc., is difficult to make since the hilum 

 is frequently not demonstrable. Well-defined pressure 

 facets are occasionally observed, much more frequently 



than in C. rosea, about as in C. vesttia var. rubro-oculata. 

 The surface of the grain is frequently irregular, due to 

 the same causes as found in both parents, somewhat less 

 than in C. rosea, but much more than in G. vestita var. 

 rubro-oculata. The conspicuous forms are ellipsoidal, 

 sometimes broadened and squared or irregular at the 

 distal end, nearly round, pyriform, ovoid, reniform, and 

 rounded triangular. The additional forms are round, 

 rounded with raised rounded prominence at proximal 

 end, irregular rhomboidal, pyriform with narrower end 

 curved, and grains of indefinite shape. The clearly de- 

 fined separated grains are dome-shaped, but the com- 

 ponents of aggregates are frequently placed laterally, and 

 hence other forms with one side flattened are probably 

 separated grains. These separated grains are more 

 numerous and well defined than in C. rosea, about as in 

 C. vestita var. rubro-oculata. The grains vary from 

 slightly to much flattened, with somewhat more of the 

 latter, not quite so much flattened as in C. rosea, but more 

 than in C. vestita var. rubro-oculata. When viewed on 

 edge they have the same shape as in both parents. In 

 form most of the grains are closer to C. rosea, but some 

 of them are the same as in C. vestita var. rubro-oculata. 



The hilum is more frequently undemonstrable but is 

 distinct in more grains than in G. rosea, but in not nearly 

 so many as C. vestita var. rubro-oculata. When observed 

 it is usually a small and not a refractive round or lenticu- 

 lar spot, sometimes refractive. A small rounded cavity 

 is occasionally present. A small transverse or crescentic 

 cleft is occasionally present at the hilum, somewhat 

 more frequently than in C. rosea, but not nearly so fre- 

 quently as in C. vestita var. rubro-oculata. Definite 

 longitudinal usually non-refractive fissures leaving the 

 hilum are often observed, considerably more frequent 

 and varied than in C. rosea, but much less deep, varied, 

 and frequent than in C. vestita var. rubro-oculata. The 

 fissures leaving the hilum are usually 1 median which 

 may be quite deep and rarely refractive, and is either 

 clean-cut throughout or becomes much branched towards 

 the distal end; 2 leaving the hilum, which are directed 

 obliquely towards the distal corners; and a group of 

 undulating fissures directed towards' the distal end, 

 which are sometimes bounded by the 2 obliquely directed 

 fissures. The main body in the majority of grains is 

 broken usually into refractive masses, and occasionally 

 into large granules by irregular branched translucent 

 lines which may be so numerous as to form a network, 

 or this main body may be studded with numerous trans- 

 lucent dots which impart a pitted appearance to this 

 region of the grain ; fewer of such grains appear, espe- 

 cially of the latter type than in G. rosea, but many more 

 than in C. vestita var. rubro-oculata, since such grains 

 were not observed in G. vestita var. rubro-oculata. The 

 position of the hilum varies from centric to quite eccen- 

 tric. The range of eccentricity varies from 0.4 to 

 0.14, more frequently about 0.33 of the longitudinal axis. 

 Since the hilum is more frequently undemonstrable, 

 these figures must be considered provisional. 



The hilum is usually not demonstrable as in most of 

 the grains of C. rosea, and when it is demonstrable, the 

 character is closer to that of the grains of C. rosea. 



The lamellae are not generally demonstrable but grains 

 with a homogeneously refractive surface with the excep- 

 tion of 1 distinct lamella are more frequent than in 



