reached to the south and west of the territory covered by 

 Lewis and Clark, but did not to any great extent enlarge 

 our knowledge of its zoology, as James was a better bot- 

 anist than zoologist. To a certain extent the same may 

 be remarked respecting the explorations of Fremont. 

 The botany of these several surveys and explorations was 

 particularly elaborated by Torrey, Gray, James and 

 Eaton, while the zoology was not so thoroughly elabor- 

 ated. 



In 1831 Sir John Richardson published the results of 

 his observations of a portion of the territory covered by 

 the Hudson Bay Company, but none of these, however, 

 explored Colorado, Arizona, Nevada and California, al- 

 though the work of Eschscholtz covered a portion, and it 

 was not until the Geological Survey of California under 

 Whitney that this territory really became known to sci- 

 ence. Thus this survey becomes a starting point and a 

 scientific epoch, as it were. To this survey Dr. Cooper 

 was assigned as zoologist and by mutual consent between 

 he and Whitney, the notes and specimens were to be 

 placed in the hands of Prof. Baird for elaboration at the 

 Smithsonian Institute, and to be finally published as a 

 portion of the work on The Land and Water Birds of 

 North America by Baird, Brewer and Ridgway. This 

 arrangement, however, was not practically carried out, 

 and a large portion of this work was published by Whit- 

 ney as a part of the California Reports. A portion of the 

 bird skins were deposited at the State University at 



