STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIP 299 



should one speak of "maculata," it would mean nothing, 

 since many species, because of their spotted character, 

 might have received that name. When, however, one 

 says Vespa maculata or Amblystoma maculata, it at once 

 becomes quite clear what animal is intended. The 

 generic name, which comes first, may be Latin, and is of 

 all the older genera, but is now, by preference, of Greek 

 derivation. The specific name may never change, but 

 the generic name may have to be changed from time to 

 time because many genera when carefully studied are 

 found to be divisible into several new genera. When 

 this happens, it is agreed that new generic names may 

 be used, but that the old generic name if not continued 

 for one of the newly formed divisions may never be 

 employed again. 



The following outlines of modern classification are 

 introduced in order that readers not familiar with botany 

 or zoology may secure an approximately correct idea 

 of the general relations that living things bear to one 

 another. 



THE PLANT KINGDOM. 



Phylum I. 



Thallophyta. The thallus plants. 



Series 1. Algae, unicellular forms, pond weeds, 



sea weeds, etc. 

 Class I. Cyanophyceae, the blue-green 



Class II. Chlorophyceae, the green algae. 

 Class III. Phacophyceae, the brown 



algae. 



Class IV. Rhodophyceae, the red algae. 

 Series 2. Fungi, bacteria, yeasts, moulds, 



smuts, mushrooms, etc. 

 Class V. Schizomycetes, the bacteria. 

 Class VI. Saccharomycetes, the yeasts. 

 Class VII. Phy corny cetes, the alga-like 



fungi. 

 Class VIII. Ascomycetes, the sac-fungi. 



