XI. 



INTRODUCTION. 



r. In Table 10, are shown what kinds of goods other than grain are exported 

 by Eussia and in wliat quantities. 



II. Wheat, rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, millet, maize, peas, beans, meal, spelt, 

 dower and bran. 



III. The figures of this column show that fromthe year 1885 the prices of breadstuffs, 

 under the influence of the duties in many countries of Europe and under the influence of 

 other causes, began to fall perceptibly. A part of the change in the average price of ex- 

 ported breadstuffs depends upon the fact that in the course of time the demand for cheaper 

 rye began to increase, in place of the former export, almost exclusively restricted to wheat. 



The great commercial importance of the Moscow, Petersburg, and Southern regions 

 comes prominently into view even on considering the number of trade documents, cer- 

 titicates. tickets and licenses to trade, issued in the various districts, as seen in Table 9, 

 especially from the total of certificates of the first and second guilds, as tliey are chosen 

 by peoples carrying on large business. These figures increase visibly, as years go on, as 

 seen from a comparison of the data for 1880 and 1890, while a less number of persons 

 are occupied with huckstering or retail trade in small shops to-day than ten years ago. 



Next, putting aside peculiarities belonging to parts of the Empire the funda- 

 mental data concerning the sum total of the commercial and manufacturing relations 

 of the whole of Eussia, namely, her foreign and home trade and manufacturing in- 

 dustry as far as they are recorded and expressed in large figures, giving an objective 

 idea of the existing industrial and economical conditions of Eussia, should be considered. 



Number of trade certificates and licenses issued in 1880. 



Table 9. 



1880. 

 Regions. 



First 

 guild. 



Second guild. 



Eetail trade. 



Certifi- Licens- Certifi-lLicens- -^ 



■£ ^ jLicens- 



;v S 1 es. Gates, j es. , cates. 1 es, 



Sum of I 



2, 4, 6 

 and 7. 



Sum of 

 2 and 4. 



Thousands. 



Moscow-Central . 

 Baltic-Petersburg 

 Northern .... 



Eastern 



Siberia 



Central Asiatic . 

 Caucasus .... 

 Southern .... 

 South-western . . 



Vistula 



North-western . . 

 Little Prussian. . 

 Central Chernoziom. 



Total (without Fin- 

 land) in thousands 



1. , 2. I 



794 2,6Gg' 



714 l,737j 

 35 1 225 



229 1,284' 



169 566 



46 298 



47 263 

 339 1,230 

 251 865 



199 



134 



91 



298 



286 

 327 

 493 

 968 



3. 



12,466 

 7,255 

 1,352 

 7,214 

 3,208 

 1,660 

 3,280 

 8, J 28 

 3,450 

 4.219 

 2,919 

 4,501 



11,011 



4. I 



20,303 



11,753 

 2,485| 



14,052 

 4,650 

 3,374 

 6,286 



13,057 

 6,099 

 4,507 

 4,719 

 7,775 



18,165 



5. 



43,303 



31,819 



4,487 



22,132 



7,324 



5,946 



4,624 



29,583 



19,215 



30,488 



15,799 



18,278 



35,919 



10. 



26 



13 

 3 



15 

 5 

 4 

 7 



14 

 7 

 5 

 5 

 8 



19 



3.3 11.2 70.7 117.2 269.0 326.8 65.8 224.8 520 128 



