10 MANCri'ACrURKS OF RUSSIA. 



The above mentioned tigures cannot be taken as quite correct, as it is impossible 

 to accurately divide the industry into all its departments because, besides separate spin- 

 ning, weaving and dyeing mills, there exist many manufactories embracing two or 

 three of these branches, whilst the report of the yearly output of each branch in 

 such manufactories is not given, but taken in totals. A more accurate valuation of the 

 product of the cotton manufacturing industry may be formed by the following cal- 

 culations. The yearly amount of cotton used by the spinning mills is about 11,500,000 

 pouds. The 3-arns spun in Bussia are principally of medium and low counts, so that 

 their average ranges between Nos. 23 to 28, which gives about 35 pounds of yarn 

 per poud of cotton (87.5 per cent). 1.75 pounds of waste (4.4 per cent), and 3.25 pounds 

 of dead loss (8.1 per cent). Thus the general production of cotton spinning mills may 

 be accurately taken at ten million pouds. Out of this quantity 9,600,000 are converted 

 into tissues which, taken at an average price of thirty-five roubles per poud for 

 finished goods, forms a sum of about 340,000,000 roubles. Part of the remaining 

 quantity goes for other purposes and part is lost in the manufacture of tissues. There- 

 fore, not taking into consideration the accessory products, as wadding and prepa- 

 ration of knitting yarns and others the value of Avhich is of no great amount, the 

 production of the Russian cotton manufacturing industry may be estimated at 340,000,000 

 roubles. 



Technical means of manufacture. 



As regards the technical means possessed hy the Eussian cotton industry, the 

 number of spindles and power looms in European Eussia are shown in the table on 

 page 11, as well as the number of mills, in 1877 and in 1886, with their distribution 

 in the Empire, and the information given may be considered as thoroughly authentic. 



The number of working hours in Eussian manufactories is not uniform, but 

 varies from tw^elve to twenty-four hours per diem. The number of working days during 

 the year may be estimated approximately at 280. In foreign mills, in the majority of 

 cases, the number of Avorking days is estimated at 300, of ten hours each. Out of the 

 total number of spindles and looms in Eussian mills in 1877 there were at Avork: 



Converting these figures to an equivalent of 300 days of ten hours work, the 

 results will be 4,800,470 spindles and 107,075 looms. 

 In 1886 there were at work: 



Time. 

 13.5 hours . . . 

 18 ... 



21 .... 



24 ... 



Not at work . . 



