16 



MANFFACTLTRES OF RUSSIA. 



twist yarn, .V> 32. is from .32 X !> kopecks to .32X12 kopecks, that is. from 2.88 to 

 3.84 roubles; these costs are taken from the yearly balance sheets. To show the 

 different items forming the cost of production, statistics are given, which are more 

 or less adapted to the large cotton spinneries, reckonijig per [loud of yarn: 



Fuel, per poud of yarn 



Wages 



Oiling 



Lighting 



Card clothing, banding, strapping, roller skins, boltbins 



Re-mount of machinery, inchuling materials .... 



Administration 



Re-mount, mill buildings, barracks, hospitals, schools 

 and Government taxes 



Total. . . . 



That is. per count per poud about 10 to 11 kopecks would be the cost. 



In the Polish districts the cost of production for medium counts. .Ye 26. is about 



10.5 kopecks per count per poud, in which the principal items are 38 kopecks for 

 fuel and 1.08 roubles for wages. In comparing the foregoing statistics it will be 

 seen that although the various items differ in the cost of producing yarn, still 

 the totals in the three manufacturing districts are nearly the same. The prin- 

 cipal diiference lies in the price of labour and cost of fuel. The Polish district has 

 the advantage in respect to the cost of fuel, having rich coal mines in the Petrokovsk 

 government. The Petersburg district is not so advantageously situated, having to use 

 coal imported from England, and the Moscow district, where turf, wood, naptha and 

 coals are principally used, labours under still greater disadvantages. According to official 

 statistics given in 1889 the consumption of fuel in the cotton spinning manufactories in the 

 Moscow and Vladimir governments, if the caloric co-efficiencies be taken into consideration ^ 

 was, wood, 2 4.25 per cent; turf, 38 per cent; coal, 8.5 per cent, and naptha residues, 29.25 

 per cent. Tlie price of wood in the ]\Ioscow government increases yearly and varies from 



11.6 to 13.1 kopecks per poud; turf, the use of which is rapidly increasing in the mills 

 in the vicinity of Moscow and which has now reached an annual consumption of more 

 than 100,000 cubic fathoms, owing to the high rate of transit costs as much as 12 

 and even 16 kopecks per poud, pressed and dried. Manufacturers here expend large 

 sums of money, which may be considered as so much dead capital, in acquiring forests 

 and in buying or renting bogs. Moreover, wood and turf are transported cheaply and 

 conveniently only during the winter months, consequently manufacturers are compelled 

 to lay in supplies of this fuel sufficient to last them a considerable time, as is not 

 the case in the Polish district where coal is obtainable during the whole of the year^ 



