WOOliliKN GKOl)-. 53 



Ivussiaii uuscouretl wool lost in washing- 07 per cent; li"oni scoiired wool 78.5 per 

 cent of combings were derived, or from unscoiired 27 per cent ; and lastly 93 per 

 cent of yarn was obtained from combings; waste, 5.5 per cent and dead loss, 1.5 per 

 cent. The 3'early production in the combing- department was 30,786 ponds, at an exjiend- 

 itnre of 18,234 roubles for wool sorting, 31,093 i-oubles for combing-, 53,347 roubles 

 for material, 27,410 roubles for the amortization of machinery and building's, exclu- 

 ding- interest or invested capital, as this item is shown in the spinning department 

 and in the profits of the manufacturer, and total, 130,084 roubles. In this mannei 

 the cost per pond of combings Avas 4.15 roubles. The annual expenditure in spinning- 

 50,334,096 hanks of yarn was as follows: wages, 129,930 roubles; fuel. 11,451 

 loiibles; lighting, 4,461 roubles; materials, 78,027 roubles; duty and freight, 10,943 

 roubles; tools for re-mount, 3,283 roubles; re-mount, 5,946 roubles; insurance, 8,304 

 roul)les; amortization of machinery and buildings. 50.053 roubles ; bank interest, 

 14,310 roubles; sundry expenses, 34,666 roubles; profit, 42,978 roubles; total, 394,352 

 roubles. Consequently, the spinning of one hank of yarn from combings costs 78 kopecks, 

 or 7.16 roubles per pond of .^e 56. Twofold doubling costs half a kopeck per hank. 



Taking 27 per cent as the issue of combings from raw wool, that is, one pond 

 out of 3.7 pouds of unscoured wool, and tlie cost at 12 roubles per poud. it is fouiul 

 that is takes 44.40 roubles worth of raw wool to make one poud of combings, and 

 rogether with the cost of production, 48.55 roubles. Then taking the issue of yarn 

 from a unit in weight of combings at 95 per cent, one poud 'of yarn of average 

 iVo 56 would cost 51.17 roubles in combings, and 7.16 roubles in spinning, making- a 

 total of 58.33 roubles. As part of the waste is re-used and part sold, 95 per cent 

 may be taken as the issue of yarn from a unit in weight of combings. 



In the manufacture of carded woollen yarn the cost per poud, in spinninu- tlie 

 kinds priucipall}^ used, is a follows: 



One poud of medium yarn, three-fourths of a hank, costs in wool 23.80 roubles : 

 in spinning, 5.50 roubles; total, 29. .30 roubles. For finer yarns a more expensive 

 wool is used, 40 to 50 roubles per poud. As regards the cost of producing textures 

 on account of great variety in quality of material and the processes of finishing, it 

 is impossible in a short review to give full particulars. Consequently only the more 

 or less definite kinds of goods will be considered. 



The following table may be of interest in this connection: 



* A hank contains 2,000 arshines of yarn, and the counts of the yarn are an-ived 

 at by the number of hanks in one Russian pound. 



