PAi'Ell IXDUSTllY. 



71 



The application of paper, cardboard and paper pulp for manufacturing various 

 goods has not attained that degree of importance or variety in Russia that the 

 industry has reached in other countries, especially in America, as in this country 

 papier-mache goods, cardboard boxes et cetera, are not so much made in factories as 

 in the villages and with hand tools, so that they are much cheaper and in greater 

 \ariety. The extent of this branch of trade is shown by the following figures. 



Workshops for book-binding are only included in the returns for Finland as 

 in the other parts of Russia they belong to a seperate guild. 



These figures show that in 1885 there were 45 factories engaged in manu- 

 facturing various goods from paper, employing 1,872 hands, with a production of 

 2,700,000 roubles; in the subsequent years the number of factories rapidly rose to 

 70 in 1889, but the production did not correspond in the least to this increase in 

 the number of manufactories; it first slightly rose until 1887 and then began to 

 decline, falling to 2,800,000 roubles in 1889, that is, 400,000 roubles less than in 

 1885. This is partly due to the fact that the village industries, being assisted by 

 the local authorities especially in the government of Moscow, furnished the market 

 with cardboard goods cheaper than the factories, and because the latter alone 

 were registered. A review of the yearly production shows that it increased verj'- 

 slowly but constantly, from 20 to 22 million roubles. 



If the manufacture of wood pulp be included, the foregoing statistics of 

 the Russian paper trade will show a further increase of 20 mills in Russia and 

 12 in Finland with an annual production of 697,000 roubles in Russia and 912,000 

 in Finland employing respectively 436 and 748 hands, so that the total returns of the 

 Russian paper trade for 1889 will be 864 mills, employing 30 thousand hands and 

 producing nearly 26 million roubles. The production of each mill has risen steadily 

 since 1870. In that year the average production of 137 paper mills was 44,500 

 roubles; in 1879 the average of 126 paper mills was about 76,000 roubles; in 

 1889 the number of paper mills in European Russia rose to 208, with an average 

 production of about 88,000 roubles. 



Most of the paper mills are engaged in the manufacture of wrapping paper, 

 paper for bags, ^ white, gray and blue, blue packing paper, sugar and bottle paper. 



