PAPER INDUSTRY. 79 



The above-mentioned data show that the export is small and averages 1,652,493 

 roubles worth per annum during the four years enumerated. A decrease is exhibited 

 especially with regard to rags, the export of which has declined from 855,487 roubles 

 in 1887 to 452,776 roubles in 1890, due to an increased consumption at home, to the 

 existence of an export duty of 30 copecks per pond, and also to the temporary re- 

 striction on export from sanitary reasons. The next most important item is that of 

 books the mean export for the four years being valued at 558,720 roubles or about 

 34 per cent of the whole. The average export of pictures during the stated period 

 is 203,323 roubles or 12 per cent of the total export. The mean value of the paper 

 exported during the period of four years is 171,242 roubles or 10 per cent of the 

 sum total. 



In conclusion, the various data which have been quoted in connection with the 

 paper-making trade in Russia up to the commencement of 1890 may be condensed 

 into the following figures which show the state of this industry at present: 



Russia, except Finland, in 1889: 



Paper mills 271 



Hands employed 24,710 



Total value of production 22,500,000 roubles 



Average value of production 83,059 > 



Value of labour per man 901.9 ;> 



Import 4,250 000 » 



Export , 500,000 » 



Home consumption 26,000,000 » 



Home consumption per head counting 



120,000,000 inhabitants 0.22 » 



4o-> 



