ZINC, TIN. liKAD AND IKON Li()Ol>> 



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are yearly imported to the sum of 25,000 roubles. Thus, the value of tlie output of 

 this group of metals can be placed at about 8,500,000 roubles per aniunii. 



The import of zinc and tin goods, the latter forming- a very small amount, 

 as well as of lead wares, and various articles used for printing, such as type, matrix 

 moulds, clishe and the like, is in general not large, and its fluctuations are few. as 

 may be seen from the following table. 



Blacksmith wares and articles of sheet iron. 



The forge belongs to one of the most ancient trades ; its establishment corresponds 

 in general to the discovery of ii-on ores in various localities, while foundries and forging 

 were often done in the same shops. The superfluous iron was sold, and therefore 

 smithies were organized in those places where no ores were to be found, principally 

 on navigable rivers and large trade centres. The number of smithies increased Avith 

 the developaient of the iron manufacture; some of them began even to work certain 

 articles as a speciality. Thus, the Ulomsk region, district of Cheriepovets, government 

 of Novgorod, developed the nail trade of various kinds, from boot nails to ship 

 nails, the work being exclusively hand-made. The nails of Ulomsk formerly sold very 

 readily on all markets; other nails were not able to compete with them. 



In the above mentioned region at the beginning of the seventies about 600.000 

 pouds of nails were forged, to the value of nearly 3 million roubles; but later on, 

 with the appearance of machine-made wire tacks and cut nails, the trade rapidly de- 

 creased, and at the present time it has lost its former importance, and only large 

 nails, especially ship nails, are now forged. 



The manufacture of nails is general also in some of the districts of the govern- 

 ments of Tver, Nizhni-Novgorod, Viatka and Yaroslav. In the government of Tver 

 small nails and tacks are still produced in great quantities, and their output amounts 

 to 400,000 roubles a year, the nails varying in price from 3 to 8 roubles per poud ; 

 in the government of Nizhni-Novgorod the nail industry reaches 300,000 roubles, and 

 in the Viatka government, 150,000 roubles. 



In the governments of Nizhni-Novgorod and Viatka, chains and anchors are 

 forged to a considerable extent; in the latter government, carriage fixtures are forged. 



