142 iAIAKUFACTURES OF IIUSSIA. 



country fairs, especially to the fair of Nizlmi-Novgorod, his wares are widely sold, 

 his very low prices being" active factors in furthering: the trade. For example, at the 

 Fail" of 1890 in Nizhni-Xovgorod, the black plate was sold at the price of 2.85 to 

 3.10 roubles, and tinned plate at 4 to 8.25 roubles per pond, according to the sizes 

 of the articles. The same kind of plate is manufactured by smaller dealers at Kas- 

 simov, as well as in some other localities of Eussia, especially in the government of 

 Perm. The manufacture of forms for sugar loaves, owing to the constant growth of 

 the sugar industry, holds also a very conspicious place among other trades. 



The manufacture of enamelled iron plate was established only in 1881, and 

 has a sole representative in the factory of The Volcano Co. in Warsaw. This factory, 

 using at present mainly soft cast iron, is fitted out with the newest and most power- 

 ful machinery, endowing it with the necessary means for stamping plate of very 

 large proportions, and great depth. The quality of the enamel and the great variety 

 in the forms of the articles produced leave nothing to be desired; however, the 

 prices are rather high, due to the absence of competition. In addition to this 

 new kind of ware, the Volcano Factory continues its former work, namely, the 

 making of tin plate. The general production of this factory amounts to 220,000 

 roubles per annum. 



Of the wares made of sheet iron a conspicuous place is held by trays, bread 

 baskets and like articles, which are almost exclusively hand made, chiefly in the 

 Moscow government, and thence sent over all Eussia. These wares are generally 

 sold in a painted and varnished state ; tlie trays are frequently decorated with various 

 designs, chiefly flowers, which are not badly executed for village painters, mostly 

 after theii' own fancy. The iron wash stands, made in the same localities of the 

 Moscow government, are also related to this kind of trade; owing to their cheap- 

 ness they compete successfully with the town wares, in the making of Avhich sheet 

 zinc is mainly used. The manufacture of painted wares of sheet iron amounts in the 

 Moscow government alone to 150,000 roubles, and for all Eussia. its value must be 

 reckoned at not less than 750,000 roubles yearly. 



The production of welded pipes can bo regarded as an important branch of 

 industry, seeing that in 1876 a manufactory was founded in St. Petersburg by Sho- 

 douar, a Belgian subject; attempts of the kind had been made in the sixties at the 

 Vyksounsk factories of the Shepelev. Eecently, in 1890, a second pipe-rolling manu- 

 factory was founded by this firm in the Ekaterinoslav government; in 1884 such a 

 factory was established in the small town Sosnovitsi on the western frontier. The 

 production of these three works amounts to over 300,000 pouds yearly, to the value 

 of 1,500,000 roubles. The import of iron pipes, however, notwithstanding the devel- 

 opment of the home industry greatly increases, so that in 1887 it amounted 

 to 31,000 pouds, in 1888, to 97,000 pouds, and in 1889, to 101,000 pouds; this 

 increase is easily explained by the great development of the construction of 

 aquaducts in the towns of Eussia. 



The diflerent kinds of tin cans used for packing, as well as all sorts of tin 

 plate, are almost exclusively homemade; they are manufactured in many towns, but 

 especially at Moscow and St. Petersburg, where besides handwork, machinery is used. 

 Tin cans are also manufactured on a large scale in the localities engaged in the 

 preparation of preserves, the latter industry increasing greatly of late. The cele- 



