158 



MANUrACTUUEs. OF RUSSIA. 



On comparing- the value of the import with that of the home production, it may 

 be seen that the latter forms only 5 to 7 per cent of the former. But if the imported 

 goods be reckoned per dozen, the result will show that their quantity is very insignifi- 

 cant as compared with that of the yearly home production, the imported knives being 

 very expensive. The same cannot be said regarding the hand instruments and tools 

 of all kinds used at the factories, manufactories and trade establishments, a great 

 quantity of which are imported. 



The ordinary joiner and carpenter tools are chiefly made at the cutlery estab- 

 lishment of the Pavlovo region; the orders executed there lately for the Depart- 

 ment of Marine, which furnished excellent models, had a very beneficial influence 

 upon the forms and quality of the wares produced. Axes, being implements 

 very generally used, not only at house building where wood is chiefly employed 

 especially in the small towns and villages of Russia, but at all the peasant house- 

 hold works, are made at many localities, the Pavlovo region being again first among 

 them. Besides this place, the making of axes forms from long ago a prominent in- 

 dustry of the town Ostashkov and of the village Mouravievo, near the town Ezhev. 

 both in the government of Tver. The axes made at Mouravievo have always been 

 highly prized even on foreign markets. In Ostashkov a great manufactory, belonging 

 to a merchant named Mossiaghin, produces yearly many tens of thousands of axes 

 and having well established storehouses, is able to extent its trade far beyond the 

 limits of the Tver government. The manufacture of axes is also highly developed 

 in the governments of Vladimir, Tula, Yaroslav, Novgorod, Voronezh, Viatka, as well 

 as in Finland and Siberia, in the region of Tumen, government of Tobolsk. The pri- 

 ces of axes vary according to their dimensions and quality, from 20 to 100 roubles 

 per hundred. 



The import of ordinary joiner and carpenter tools is generally small, chiefly 

 lumber saws, the home production of which would be too expensive owing to the 

 fact that instrument sheet steel is very expensive and little made in Eussia, 

 augers are also imported in considerable quantities. As to locksmith tools, files 

 being of first importance, their production is placed on a lower footing than 

 the tools of the joiner. Machine shops and lock factories generally buy only the 



