160 MANUFACTURES OF RUSSIA. 



fore such instruments for manutactory purposes are mostl}^ imported, as well as the 

 \ises, wlxioh are made in a ver^^ insigniticant quantity in Russia, 



The production of anvils is developed to a considerable extent in Eussia; the 

 chief centres of the industry being- the Urals, the district of Cherepoviets, government 

 of Novgorod, the Pavlovo region and Finland. Iron dividers with an arc and set 

 screw and steel tips are made at Tula; over 47,000 pieces are yearly produced there, 

 to the value o*' G.OOO roubles. The price of such instruments depends upon their 

 ilimensious (5 different numbers exist) and finish, and varies greatly; thus, ordinary 

 dividers, coarselj' filed, are sold from 9 to 16 roubles or an average of 12.50 rou- 

 bles per hundred, and polished dividers, from 10 to 20 roubles or an average of 15 

 roubles per hundred. At Tula there are also manufactured about 10,000 pieces of nut 

 crackers annually, to the value of about 2,000 roubles and over 70,000 pieces of 

 sugar nippers, to the value of 40,000 roubles. Other instruments, as measuring tools 

 and all kinds of mathematical instruments, as levels, planes and the like, are chiefly 

 bought abroad, although their quantity is very insignificant as compared to the total 

 amount of implements imported, files being first among them. 



The manufacture of scythes and sickles, implements of prime requisite to the 

 farming industry in Russia, holds the same position as that of tools. Although besides 

 the household works of the peasants many factories are engaged in the production 

 of these wares, nevertheless, the general amount of scythes and sickles made does 

 not answer to the needs of the farmer, especially in the years of good crops. The 

 feeble development of the manufactui-e of scythes and sickles is due to the small 

 protective duty and chiefly to the scarcity and cost of steel; if these obstacles be 

 removed, the production of these wares would attain great dimensions, without count- 

 ing the production at the works as labour is cheap and the Russian peasant, occupied 

 from ancient times with the manufacture of scythes, in many of the localities has a 

 vast experience. 



The Artinsk Crown manufactory in the Zlatoust district of the Urals has long 

 since established the making of scythes, and in the beginning of the eighties the manu- 

 facture of sickles was also introduced, although the latter develops at a slow pace. 

 Using its own steel the Artinsk manufactory could have produced scythes and sickles 

 to a much larger amount. The following figures show the output of scythes at the 

 Artinsk factory for the last six years: 



The scythes of the Artinsk manufactory are sold at 50 kopecks apiece; they 

 are often found to be too heavy. Recently the works began to use Marten steel in 

 their manufacture. Of other factories the one recently established near Vilno should 

 be mentioned. It is owned by Mr. Posse! , is well furnished with mechanical contri- 

 vances and produces over 150,000 scythes yearly. The manufactory of Mossiaghin at 

 Ostashkov, government of Tver, producing over 30,000 scythes and 20,000 sickles, 

 the two large establishments in the governments of Viatka and Perm, the yearly 



