LOCKS, HANDLES, AND OTHER LOCKSMITH WARES. 



169 



On oomparing the general quantity of needles, sewing machine needles in- 

 cluded together with the quantity of smuggled wares of this kind, with the home 

 production, it will be seen that the latter supplies about two-thirds of the yearly 

 consumption in Russia. Finally, screws are made generally at the manufactories, 

 although at Tula and the surrounding villages where mortise locks are made, they 

 form a special branch of household industry. 



The largest screw factory is the Volcano at Kovno, the yearly output of which 

 reaches 300,000 roubles; another manufactory with a considerable production is 

 situated at St. Petersburg. Although the import of screws is yearly decreasing it is 

 considerable, amounting to 1,000 pouds annually in late years. Nevertheless, it must 

 be borne in mind that the customhouses include under screws all kinds of iron and 

 steel wares having screw cuttings, for example, hooks with screws, rings with screw 

 attachments et cetera. 



Locks, handles, and other locksmith wares. 



The manufacture of locks and padlocks, of the latter especially, forms an an- 

 cient industry firmly established in some of the governments of Russia; padlocks are 

 mainly made at Pavlovo and the adjoining villages of the governments of Nizhni- 

 Novgorod and Vladimir ; mortise locks are chiefly made at Tula and in the adjoining 

 villages. The village Pavlovo, of the government of Nizhni-Novgorod, was renowned 

 already iu the beginning of the seventeenth century for the manufacture of padlocks 

 and since then the production has grown to be predominant at Pavlovo, whence it 

 has spread to the other villages of the governments of Nizhni-Novgorod and Vladimir. 



The manufacture of locks in Pavlovo is mostly centred in small establishments 

 of household industry the processes of the work being extremely simple and imperfect; for 

 example, the parts of the lock and its outer plates are generally cut out with a chisel ; 

 although as they are generally very similar and their variety not very great, they could 

 be easily stamped out, if only with hand stamping machines, and with much better results. 

 The present process exacts much finish, thus tending to increase the prices. Therefore, 

 in order to sell at low prices small makers do not finish their wares to the extent desired, 



