170 MANUFACTURES OF RUSSIA. 



thus telling of course against the quality of the goods. However, the locks made at 

 Pavlovo have one especially excellent feature, namely, their parts are all soldered 

 together, thus making them strong. Meanwhile, the greatest quantity of the locks 

 brought to Eussia from abroad, especially the German makes, have their parts only 

 fastened together with small rivets, and therefore they fail in strength and dura- 

 bility and are regarded as unsafe. 



The prices at the local fair for padlocks worked at Pavlovo are generally 

 not high ; they vai-y not only with regard to workmanship, but also according to the 

 thickness and quality of the iron used for the joints. Those of the highest grade, the 

 so-called Swedish locks are sold at 6 roubles per ten pieces, if their weight be 4.5 

 to 10 pounds: at 8 roubles, if their weight be 20 pounds; and at 15 roubles, if their 

 weight be 37 pounds. The same Swedish locks, but of more ordinary workman- 

 ship, made of lighter iron and weighing 10 pounds per ten pieces, are sold notwith- 

 standing their large size, at 3.70 roubles per ten; there are still cheaper sorts, but 

 the qualities are not good at such prices- 



The so-called honnic or Tula locks, having keys in the form of screws, are 

 sold at lower prices; the cheapest, and also the smallest, known by the name of 

 korobchati or sumochni are sold as follows: the smallest, weighing 6 pounds per 

 hundred, at 2.30 roubles per hundred; and the largest, weighing 15 pounds per 

 hundred, at 4.50 roubles. This kind of locks is chiefly exported to Persia and 

 Turkey. 



The technical side of the manufacture of locks in the Pavlovo region, as well 

 as in other localities working padlocks, for example the governments of Vladimir, 

 Viatka and Kostroma, has attained a very small degree of development. Not only, 

 as has already been seen, the stamping process is not used in the cutting out 

 of the joints and parts of the mechanism, but it is also not used at the making of 

 keys, which are made of different pieces, that is to say, the forged ring, the stem made of 

 rolled sheet iron, and the bit are all soldered together. The cause of such indifferent 

 work is chiefly the poverty of the peasant locksmiths who duly appreciate the value 

 of the stamping machines, but who cannot afford to buy them. There are few work- 

 men among kustars so well off as to be able to introduce any improvements in the 

 trade, as the profits of the workmen of Pavlovo engaged in this business are much 

 smaller than in other branches. Such a state of things, however, cannot last long, 

 and will soon be changed with the help of the trade school established recently at 

 Pavlovo, the workshops of which contain the simplest and most comprehensible 

 mechanical contrivances for the shaping of all the parts of the lock. Notwithstan- 

 ding the low prices, the yearly output of the locksmiths in the Pavlovo region 

 reaches from 500,000 to 600,000 roubles. 



The manufacture of mortise locks, centred in Tula and its neighbourhood, is in 

 a much better position, therefore the quality of the wares is of a higher order, not 

 inferior to that of the wares of foreign make. Besides the kustars (peasant smiths) 

 mortise locks are also made at manufactories furnished with mechanical contrivances 

 and having steam motors. 



Locks, handles and braces are often made in the same villages, whose number 

 in the Tulsk and Novosilsk districts, amounts to 130, thus showing how widely the 

 industry is spread in that locality. Of the manufactories, judged from the amount of 



