172 MANUFACTUUES OF RUSSIA 



The door locks made in Tula are of three different types and each type is 

 divided into three sorts, plated with latten, without latten but polished, and thirdly 

 only painted: each sort has 7 different numbers, so that the assortment of the door 

 locks alone includes 63 separate numbers. The locks for other uses are also divided 

 in many sorts according to their finish and dimensions; thus, the quantity of locks 

 made in Tula forms a considerable amount, and their prices are from 10 kopecks to 

 3 roubles and more each. 



Passing the detailed examination of the technical side of the manufacture it 

 should be mentioned, however, that the method of work based upon the division of 

 labour has a great influence on the quality of the goods produced. In fact, as has 

 already been mentioned, the ordinary Tula locks being very cheap are nevertheless 

 of a very good quality, exceeding by far the padlocks made at the Pavlovo region. 

 The earnings of the Tula workmen as well are far greater than those of the work- 

 men of the Pavlovo region. Many thousand people are engaged in the making of 

 locks in the Tula neighbourhood, and the sum of the production may be fixed at not 

 less than 3,000,000 to 3,500,000 roubles per annum. 



Other locksmith wares, such as hinges, bolts, door knobs, window fastenings, 

 and the like, are made in Tula, as well as in some villages, sometimes together with 

 locks, but always by special makers. The prices of these wares vary greatly accord- 

 ing to their quality and dimensions. Thus, for example, the cheapest sort of painted 

 hinges made of light metal and often even of old iron, is sold at 80 kopecks per 

 four hundred, if the length be one and three-quarters inches, and at 2.25 roubles, if 

 the length be 3 inches, their weight being from 10 to 30 pounds; the hinge rod is 

 not made of wire, but of rolled sheet iron. Hinges of the best makes, with wire 

 spindles, if of the same dimensions as the former, are sold from 5 to 10 roubles per 

 four hundred pieces ; for the making of such a quantity of the smallest sort, 30 pounds 

 of iron and 8 pounds of wire are used, and 2 pouds of iron and 12 pounds of wire 

 for the largest. The best hinges are plated with latten and highly polished. Now 

 that the spingalet, a sort of full length window lock, is largely used over all Rus- 

 sia; their manufacture has been introduced in Tula, as well as in some other towns, 

 especially in St. Petersburg, Warsaw and Odessa. 



The quality of the Tula wares, as also that of the locks, is very satisfactory 

 and their prices, very reasonable. The total value of this kind of goods, the produc- 

 tion of stove appliances included, may be fixed at not less than 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 

 roubles yearly. 



In addition to Tula the making of this kind of goods forms a part of the 

 household peasant industry in the Vladimir government, although the extent of tne 

 output is not particularly large, and painted wares are exclusively made. 



The making of locks and other locksmith articles, as a branch of manufacturing, 

 dates only from 1886 and 1887 when such works were established in the Baltic 

 regions. One of these factories, situated in Mitau, government of Courland, produces 

 door and window appliances to the sum of 30,000 roubles yearly ; the other, in Eiga, 

 government of Livonia, manufactures locks and small locksmith wares to the value 

 of 76,000 roubles annually. These works are supplied with machinery and all the 

 work necessary to their manufacture is done within the walls of the establishments. 



Finally, it should be mentioned that locks are also made in a great number 



