192 



MANUFACTURES OF RUSSIA. 



cisterns, acting- c uitinuonsly. Thus, the rapid advance of the glass industry was not 

 only remarked for tlie increased quantity of its output, but also for its employment of 

 perfected apparatus and methods, which had a great influence upon the growtii and 

 quality of the manufactures. 



The following data show the present state of the glass industry in Bussia, 

 namely its movement during recent years, from the beginning of the past decade 

 until 1890. as also the output in the different regions: 



In 1889. 



The total number of glass works in the Empire was 258, in which 23,225 work- 

 men were employed, of which 18,326 were men, 1,681 women, and 3,218 children. 

 The laws concerning young workmen vary for different glass works. Here the ne- 

 cessity of bringing up hereditary workmen, bj^ handing down the work from father 

 to son, is taken into consideration. 



For polishing and for other work there were in all 116 machines, the indica- 

 tory power of which was 1,073 ; of these 46 were water motors, and 70 steam engines, 

 with 72 steam boilers. The yearly production amounted to 11,146,000 roubles. 



In 1890. 



The number of factories and of workmen remaining the same, and the total 

 power of the motors having somewhat increased, the total production amounted to the 

 sum of 11,479,000 roubles. 



The output of the separate principal regions is represented in the follow- 

 ing figures. 



Governments of European 

 Russia. 



Pkoduction in thousands 

 of roubles. 



In 1889. 



Ii3 1890. 



Vladimir . . . . 

 St. Petersbuig. . 



Orfil 



Tver 



Novgorod. . . . 

 Smolensk .... 



Riazan 



Moscow . . . . 



Livonia 



Viatka 



Volyu 



Vitebsk. . . . 



Penza 



Kazan 



Xixlmi-Nov'-orod 



1,634 



1,393 



1.413 



643 



722 



596 



535 



386 



370 



201 



198 



80 



112 



92 



119 



L778 

 1,311 

 1,010 

 759 

 867 

 488 

 565 

 489 

 371 

 239 

 236 

 151 

 126 

 111 

 132 



